❶ 谁能帮忙找一下金融控股公司方面的英文资料啊
金融控股公司就是投行吗？？
如果是的，下面的文章就是你要的
Investment banks help companies and governments raise money by issuing and selling securities in the capital markets (both equity and debt), as well as providing advice on transactions such as mergers and acquisitions. Until the late 1980s, the United States and Canada maintained a separation between investment banking and commercial banks.
A majority of investment banks offer strategic advisory services for mergers, acquisitions, divestiture or other financial services for clients, such as the trading of derivatives, fixed income, foreign exchange, commodity, and equity securities.
Trading securities for cash or securities (i.e., facilitating transactions, market-making), or the promotion of securities (i.e., underwriting, research, etc.) is referred to as the "sell side."
Dealing with the pension funds, mutual funds, hedge funds, and the investing public who consume the procts and services of the sell-side in order to maximize their return on investment constitutes the "buy side". Many firms have buy and sell side components
Organizational structure of an investment bank
[edit] The main activities and units
On behalf of the bank and its clients, the primary function of the bank is buying and selling procts. Banks undertake risk through proprietary trading, done by a special set of traders who do not interface with clients and through Principal Risk, risk undertaken by a trader after he buys or sells a proct to a client and does not hedge his total exposure. Banks seek to maximize profitability for a given amount of risk on their balance sheet.
An investment bank is split into the so-called Front Office, Middle Office, and Back Office.
[edit] Front Office
* Investment banking is the traditional aspect of investment banks which involves helping customers raise funds in the Capital Markets and advising on mergers and acquisitions. These jobs tend to be extremely competitive and difficult to land. Investment banking may involve subscribing investors to a security issuance, coordinating with bidders, or negotiating with a merger target. Other terms for the investment banking division include mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and corporate finance. The investment banking division (IBD) is generally divided into instry coverage and proct coverage groups. Instry coverage groups focus on a specific instry such as healthcare, instrials, or technology, and maintain relationships with corporations within the instry to bring in business for a bank. Proct coverage groups focus on financial procts, such as mergers and acquisitions, leveraged finance, equity, and high-grade debt.
* Investment management is the professional management of various securities (shares, bonds, etc.) and other assets (e.g. real estate), to meet specified investment goals for the benefit of the investors. Investors may be institutions (insurance companies, pension funds, corporations etc.) or private investors (both directly via investment contracts and more commonly via collective investment schemes eg. mutual funds). The Investment management division of an investment bank is generally divided into separate groups, often known as Private Wealth Management and Private Client Services. Asset Management deals with institutional investors, while Private Wealth Management manages the funds of high net-worth indivials.
* Sales & Trading In the process of market making, traders will buy and sell financial procts with the goal of making an incremental amount of money on each trade. Sales is the term for the investment banks sales force, whose primary job is to call on institutional and high-net-worth investors to suggest trading ideas (on caveat emptor basis) and take orders. Sales desks then communicate their clients' orders to the appropriate trading desks, who can price and execute trades, or structure new procts that fit a specific need.
* Structuring has been a relatively recent division as derivatives have come into play, with highly technical and numerate employees working on creating complex structured procts which typically offer much greater margins and returns than underlying cash securities. The necessity for numerical ability has created jobs for physics and math Ph.D.s who act as quants.
* Merchant banking is a private equity activity of investment banks.[1] Examples include Goldman Sachs Capital Partners and JPMorgan One Equity Partners. Sometimes, merchant banking is a part of Alternative Investment division.
* Research is the division which reviews companies and writes reports about their prospects, often with "buy" or "sell" ratings. While the research division generates no revenue, its resources are used to assist traders in trading, the sales force in suggesting ideas to customers, and investment bankers by covering their clients. There is a potential conflict of interest between the investment bank and its analysis in that published analysis can affect the profits of the bank. Therefore in recent years the relationship between investment banking and research has become highly regulated requiring a Chinese wall between public and private functions.
* Strategy is the division which advises external as well as internal clients on the strategies that can be adopted in various markets. Ranging from derivatives to specific instries, strategists place companies and instries in a quantitative framework with full consideration of the macroeconomic scene. This strategy often affects the way the firm will operate in the market, the direction it would like to take in terms of its proprietary and flow positions, the suggestions salespersons give to clients, as well as the way structurers create new procts.
[edit] Middle Office
* Risk Management involves analyzing the market and credit risk that traders are taking onto the balance sheet in concting their daily trades, and setting limits on the amount of capital that they are able to trade in order to prevent 'bad' trades having a detrimental effect to a desk overall. Another key Middle Office role is to ensure that the above mentioned economic risks are captured accurately (as per agreement of commercial terms with the counterparty), correctly (as per standardized booking models in the most appropriate systems) and on time (typically within 30 minutes of trade execution). In recent years the risk of errors has become known as "operational risk" and the assurance Middle Offices provide now includes measures to address this risk. When this assurance is not in place, market and credit risk analysis can be unreliable and open to deliberate manipulation.
* Finance areas are responsible for an investment bank's capital management and risk monitoring. By tracking and analyzing the capital flows of the firm, the Finance division is the principal adviser to senior management on essential areas such as controlling the firm's global risk exposure and the profitability and structure of the firm's various businesses. In the United States and United Kingdom, a Financial Controller is a senior position, often reporting to the Chief Financial Officer.
* Compliance areas are responsible for an investment bank's daily operations' compliance with FSA regulations and internal regulations. Often also considered a back-office division.
[edit] Back Office
* Operations involves data-checking trades that have been concted, ensuring that they are not erroneous, and transacting the required transfers. While some believe it provides the greatest job security with the bleakest career prospects of the divisions within an investment bank, many have outsourced operations. It is however a critical part of the bank that involves managing the financial information of the bank and ensures efficient capital markets through the financial reporting function. In recent years e to increased competition in finance related careers, college degrees are now mandatory at most Tier 1 investment banks. A finance degree has proved significant in understanding the depth of the deals and transactions that occur across all the divisions of the bank.
* Technology refers to the IT department. Every major investment bank has considerable amounts of in-house software, created by the Technology team, who are also responsible for Computer and Telecommunications-based support. Technology has changed considerably in the last few years as more sales and trading desks are using electronic trading platforms. These platforms can serve as auto-executed hedging to complex model driven algorithms.
An investment bank can also be split into private and public functions with a Chinese wall which separates the two to prevent information from crossing. The private areas of the bank deal with private insider information that may not be publicly disclosed, while the public areas such as stock analysis deal with public information.
[edit] Employment
In the United Kingdom more graates apply to investment banks than for any other career because of the exciting city based work, good compensation benefits package and prestige of firms such as UBS, Credit Suisse, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, Merrill Lynch, and JP Morgan.
Similarly, the same trend seemed to apply to Singapore where careers with such banks are deemed prestigious.
[edit] Size of instry
Global investment banking revenue increased for the fifth year running in 2007, to $84.3 billion.[2] This was up 21% on the previous year and more than double the level in 2003. Despite a record year for fee income, many investment banks have experienced large losses related to their exposure to US sub-prime securities investments.
The US was the primary source of investment banking income in 2007, with 53% of the total, a proportion which has fallen somewhat ring the past decade. Europe (with Middle East and Africa) generated 32% of the total, slightly up on its 30% share a decade ago. Asian countries generated the remaining 15%. Over the past decade, fee income from the US increased by 80%. This compares with a 217% increase in Europe and 250% increase in Asia ring this period.
Investment banking is one of the most global instries and is hence continuously challenged to respond to new developments and innovation in the global financial markets. Throughout the history of investment banking, it is only known that many have theorized that all investment banking procts and services would be commoditized. New procts with higher margins are constantly invented and manufactured by bankers in hopes of winning over clients and developing trading know-how in new markets. However, since these can usually not be patented or righted, they are very often copied quickly by competing banks, pushing down trading margins.[citation needed]
For example, trading bonds and equities for customers is now a commodity business[citation needed], but structuring and trading derivatives is highly profitable[citation needed]. Each OTC contract has to be uniquely structured and could involve complex pay-off and risk profiles. Listed option contracts are traded through major exchanges, such as the CBOE, and are almost as commoditized as general equity securities.
In addition, while many procts have been commoditized, an increasing amount of profit within investment banks has come from proprietary trading, where size creates a positive network benefit (since the more trades an investment bank does, the more it knows about the market flow, allowing it to theoretically make better trades and pass on better guidance to clients).
The fastest growing segment of the investment banking instry are private investments into public companies (PIPEs, otherwise known as Regulation D or Regulation S). Such transactions are privately negotiated between companies and accredited investors. These PIPE transactions are non-rule 144A transactions. Large buldge bracket brokerage firms and smaller boutique firms compete in this sector. Special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs) or blank check corporations have been created from this instry.
[edit] Vertical integration
In the US, the Glass-Steagall Act, initially created in the wake of the Stock Market Crash of 1929, prohibited banks from both accepting deposits and underwriting securities which led to segregation of investment banks from commercial banks. Glass-Steagall was effectively repealed for many large financial institutions by the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act in 1999.
Another development in recent years has been the vertical integration of debt securitization[citation needed]. Previously, investment banks had assisted lenders in raising more lending funds and having the ability to offer longer term fixed interest rates by converting the lenders' outstanding loans into bonds. For example, a mortgage lender would make a house loan, and then use the investment bank to sell bonds to fund the debt, the money from the sale of the bonds can be used to make new loans, while the lender accepts loan payments and passes the payments on to the bondholders. This process is called securitization. However, lenders have begun to securitize loans themselves, especially in the areas of mortgage loans. Because of this, and because of the fear that this will continue, many Investment Banks have focused on becoming lenders themselves,[3] making loans with the goal of securitizing them. In fact, in the areas of commercial mortgages, many investment banks lend at loss leader interest rates[citation needed] in order to make money securitizing the loans, causing them to be a very popular financing option for commercial property investors and developers[citation needed].
[edit] Possible conflicts of interest
Potential conflicts of interest may arise between different parts of a bank, creating the potential for financial movements that could be market manipulation. Authorities that regulate investment banking (the FSA in the United Kingdom and the SEC in the United States) require that banks impose a Chinese wall which prohibits communication between investment banking on one side and equity research and trading on the other.
Some of the conflicts of interest that can be found in investment banking are listed here:
* Historically, equity research firms were founded and owned by investment banks. One common practice is for equity analysts to initiate coverage on a company in order to develop relationships that lead to highly profitable investment banking business. In the 1990s, many equity researchers allegedly traded positive stock ratings directly for investment banking business. On the flip side of the coin: companies would threaten to divert investment banking business to competitors unless their stock was rated favorably. Politicians acted to pass laws to criminalize such acts. Increased pressure from regulators and a series of lawsuits, settlements, and prosecutions curbed this business to a large extent following the 2001 stock market tumble.[citation needed]
* Many investment banks also own retail brokerages. Also ring the 1990s, some retail brokerages sold consumers securities which did not meet their stated risk profile. This behavior may have led to investment banking business or even sales of surplus shares ring a public offering to keep public perception of the stock favorable.
* Since investment banks engage heavily in trading for their own account, there is always the temptation or possibility that they might engage in some form of front running. Front running is the illegal practice of a stock broker executing orders on a security for their own account (and thus affecting prices) before filling orders previously submitted by their customers.
❷ 金融专业研究生，毕业了不想去券商，也不想去投行和咨询（以现在的水平也去不了），那我能从事什么职业
别听LZ乱说，别把什么都券商都叫投行。。真正能进真正投行front office国内只有北大，清华，复旦，最多加个上交。。如果也不想去小券商的话，可以去商业银行嘛。。做企业银行业务挺好的，别老把商行和个人存款业务相联系哈，它们的业务多了，企业信贷啊，trade finance都不错哈。。还有就是去小的金融公司，比如给大投行提供数据支持的，类似bloomberg和moody's，虽然这两个并不小。。还可以尝试下各种基金。。还有保险，当然没让你去当卖保险的哈，就算进不了精算室，至少是去总部坐办公室的。。还可以去考财务部，商务部的公务员。。还可以屈尊做企业会计。。其实路很多，别老投行投行的，国内很多人连投行长什么样都没见过就在那里叫嚣要去投行。。其实去了你也不见得喜欢，因为压力和工作时间永远和薪水成正比
❸ CFA就业方向在金融的哪些岗位
Jasmine，国内985本科，常春藤硕士，毕业后在华尔街工作，某投行的行Sales and Trading部门，几年后选择回国，现在是金融猎头，负责对冲基金、IB、大行的Portfolio Manager、Quant、Trader等职位，对于金融行业的细节和消息，知之深广。
Jasmine接触了很多金融全职工作者，转行者和学生，从询问的数据来看，很多人都想通过CFA去投行、对冲基金、私募基金等比较高端的金融公司，不过这些人虽然对投行等机构兴趣很大，但是听说越好的金融机构，越喜欢高学历的名校生，甚至有些投行只招聘特定的几所学校学生，这让他们很头疼。
根据Jasmine的观察，IBD从事的工作，IPO/M&A没有太多的要求，很多操作都是从工作中摸索出来的，根本不可能通过读书学到。有些操作很繁琐，很无聊，比如IPO，多做几个案子就会形成自己的风格，对于投行的工作更有感觉，这种感觉很重要。
也因为如此，投行才只看名校，因为他们需要的人，要聪明、商业触觉好、而且要肯干肯拼。这些要求比较清楚，但是几乎不可能从简历中看出来，每个人都可以在cover letter说自己聪明能干，能吃苦有责任心，面试就显得很有必要，能判断这个人大概是什么样子，而且一般好的金融机构都会有好几次面试。
面试工作很耗费时间和经历，只看名校经历就是一次有效的筛选，毕竟能进名校的人一般不会差到哪去。
如果你的目标是投行Front Office，这些职位拼的不是知识，而是牌子。所以名校经历加一张CFA title就显得很重要，人家觉得你背景好，是CFA持证人，很厉害。Jasmine有切身体会，某投行的hiring manager想找她找一个junior的trader assistant，然后加了一句，只要考CFA的人，没持证没关系。
猎头寻人一般都是高一点的岗位，VP以上的级别是常有的事情。
金融服务业基本上就两个方向：第一是IBD/Sales，抢deal，拼人脉。第二是走技术路线，设计产品、建模等。
IPO/M&A业务给哪个投行做都差不多，为什么人家愿意给你而不给别人呢？这就是人脉，也是招牌响的好处，要么公司牌子响，要么自己牌子响，这个时候学历和特许金融分析师的title就会特别好用。CFA证书就拿在手里啊，去PE/VC的作用也不会少到哪里去，毕竟CFA协会已经用一套国际化的标准作出了判断，这是个人才。
如果想走技术路线，建模、设计金融产品，做分析师的话，学校倒没那么重要，能做事才是硬道理，这就是为什么拉小提琴的也能成为投行associate。投行和基金公司，基本上只要能做事的人，不管你什么学校毕业。理工科就业会比金融背景容易，因为金融行业现在很缺编程牛人，如果想做Quant、定价、Model，基本只要技术背景和5年以上工作经验的人。前提是，多少有点金融基础，没有公司愿意从头开始培养你，这就是为什么CFA会比较吸引HR注意。
关于CFA持证人的薪水问题，大家不要过于纠结。VP的底薪不会超过20万，外界传说的50万，上百万都是有工作经验的人，反而bonus有可能比较多，不过bonus这事，也难说吧。奖金总要跟着市场变化，年头好的时候，奖金就多。
如果是finance的fresh graate，没有工作经验，CFA能起到什么作用？根据协会的要求，大学生毕业时最多只能通过CFA一级考试，这对于大学生已经足够。投行等金融机构可以看出你真的对金融行业充满兴趣，并且付出时间和精力去学习更深的金融知识，不是脑袋一热就来投行面试了。
此外，即便没有工作经验，CFA告诉他们，你的知识可以帮你很快找到工作状态，从头培养新人已经是上个世纪投行的事情了。
已经35了，这个时候去读CFA是不是太晚了？当然不会。CFA证书的申请本身就需要工作经验，转行去金融行业工作者，学CFA简直是**选择。如果有工作经验的话，CFA一级已经不够用了，考过二级才能更好的产生影响力。
今天的学历竞争作用不大了，海归、硕士一大把，投行里也常出现多人争一个岗位的情况，而且都来自同一所学校，如果其中某人带着CFA的光环，怎么选就容易多了。
❹ 纽约大学金融业出来做什么年薪多少回国或去香港发展前途怎样
其实你已自问自答了。
假如你成绩非常好，但还没有开始在NYU读金融，你可能要考虑一下改行同时改学校。金融业在金融海啸後正经历大改造，而这改造正在开始，还会加速进行。金融海啸後唯一成长的需求只要高速交易程式设计，未来的其他金融工作机会再也不会回到金融海啸前。目前的金融业除了销售业务人员永远有相对稳定的需求，其他不管Front Office或Back Office的许多工作则根本消失，如交易员现在正大量的被交易程式取代，金融分析师则在金融海啸自己把自己招牌给砸了，投资银行在银根如此宽松之下但经济仍无起色下，需求早远低於供给，即使未来经济好转，市场得先消化这群有经验的人员，未来的投资银行对新鲜人的需求不会太高。後端的金融工程师也在金融法案改革中被根本性质疑所有的创新金额产品全部没有计算隐性风险，全在骗投资人，因此金融工程人员需求也会疲软。
至於即使毕业於Stern School of Business，NYU比起一般排名30几的学校在找华尔街工作上或许略占优势，但远不如HYP三校和Columbia，U Penn，是这五校的小媳妇，只能捡人家挑剩的工作。但NYU学费偏贵，几乎没有奖学金，所以NYU在全美大学里的教育投资报酬率上是後段班。
香港或大陆近年海龟越来越多，NYU口碑如何也渐渐与美国同步，没法唬人了。
你若Stern以名列前矛成绩毕业，不算Sign Up Bonus，进入华尔街投行起薪可超过十万。後段的工作或可有七到十万。一般工作则起薪五到七万。年终奖金份量当然就每年不一定。
你可以找几本有关金融海啸的书，看看来龙去脉後可能稍微修正对华尔街的玫瑰色憧憬，有个比较正确的观念对你长远计划会比较好。
❺ 求一销售管理论文
你的愿望可能要落空
替你写论文？谁会为了这几分为你写？
教你写论文？书籍一大堆。。。。。
最主要是自己的实践经验啊，
如果确实想写好，不如把你写的论文贴出来，大家来改，你最后再回笼修改，这才可能是你想要的东西。
❻ 会计怎么转到金融行业
“缺点：1.人际关系处理能力差，自制力有点差；2.语言表达能力差，头脑一根经，思想简单，直肠子”
就凭这两点，转行金融还是有困难的，是不是你自己表达有误啊。
你觉得做研究可以的话，也有问题是外行的话，转研究是很难的，一般都得从front office做起。外行转研究的话前提是得对某一领域有很深的了解，比如说你以前是做能源方面的，然后考个CFA，转行去做能源类分析师，这还是可能的。
不过你觉得自己适合做金融肯定有你的理由，所以我觉得你表述的有问题肯定，因为你的优点第三条和缺点第二条完全矛盾的，估计是你表述有误。
如果要是转金融的话，我还是觉得金融的研究生，比CFA好点，我认识一个人，本科学理，工作两年然后考了金融的研究生，现在在读中国人民银行的博士后，在北京中国人民总行工作。
❼ 学金融数学专业对电脑方面的要求高么
有人觉得要求有些偏高，但个人觉得也不算高，关键还得看你将来具体为什么职位做准备。因为根据以往一些学长学姐和前辈们经验分享和建议看：在实际工作中，金融工程建模和实现模型是两个分开的工作。 在中国的话，建模的人和编程的人通常是两套团队，而在美国建模的人得自己写程序实现模型。所以如果你打算在中国学习和工作的话，编程倒也不是个非学不可的东西，但是学了绝对是大有裨益的。在美国的话建议你还是好好学习下编程。
所以如果你打算在中国学习和工作的话，编程倒也不是个非学不可的东西，但是学了绝对是大有裨益的。在美国的话建议你还是好好学习下编程。
具体来说：
1. 如果是纯编程岗位，建议你可以不用考虑了，因为那些公司的HR要找的人是原来在其他软件公司做过的人。
2. 如果是research，你就需要对编程很熟，Matlab,R必不可少，Python最好会，个人感觉python势头很猛，未来python可能在金融界前景更好一些。然后要懂点C++，虽然最后可能用不到。
3. 如果是front office，如果你是desk quant，最重要的是编程的速度，trader让你干什么，你要立马就能实现。如果是trader，恭喜你，你应该用不上编程。但是如果是quant trader，那对你的要求会很高，一般都是靠经验慢慢堆起来的，所以刚毕业的基本就不用想了。
❽ 请问金融行业的朋友：CFA和CQF的区别与比较
我在欧美投行做过，这世界上没几个人知道CQF是什么，所以就知名度和认可度来讲，你还是考CFA吧。
很多金融职位会考虑CFA，但是CQF估计也就quant或风险控制用的上（还不常见） ，而且说实话quant属于front office，但属于半支持性职位，风控属于后台支持性职位，职业前景不是最好的。这点来说，CFA的职业前景更好
顺带说一句，考CFA不如考个名牌大学的学位，国内就北大清华之类，国外常春藤之流。我们招毕业生第一个要求就是名牌大学，CFA属于属于锦上添花，而且没有3年从业经验你也拿不到CFA。