當前位置:首頁 » 融資模式 » as融資網站
擴展閱讀
股票投資經濟學 2021-06-17 16:24:20

as融資網站

發布時間: 2021-03-20 17:33:10

Ⅰ 急求一篇關於中小企業融資的英文文獻,要有中文翻譯

Automatically translated text:
The definition of lease financing
Finance leases (Financial Leasing) also known as the Equipment Leasing (Equipment Leasing), or modern leasing (Modern Leasing), and is essentially transfer ownership of the assets of all or most of the risks and rewards of the lease. The ultimate ownership of assets to be transferred, or may not transfer.

It refers to the specific content of the lessee to the lessor under the lease object and the specific requirements of the supplier selection, vendor financing to purchase rental property, and the use of leased to a lessee, the lessee to the lessor to pay instalments rent, the lease term lease ownership of objects belonging to the lessor of all, the tenant has the right to use the leased items. Term expired, and finished the lessee to pay rent under the lease contract financing to fulfil obligations in full, leasing objects that vesting ownership of all the lessee. Despite the finance lease transactions, the lessors have the identity of the purchase of equipment, but the substantive content of the purchase of equipment suppliers such as the choice of the specific requirements of the equipment, the conditions of the purchase contract negotiations by the lessee enjoy and exercise, lessee leasing object is essentially the purchaser. , Is a finance lease extension of loans and trade and technology updates in the new integrated financial instry. Because of its extension of loans and combination of features, there is a problem in leasing companies can recycling, treatment of leasing, and so the financing for the enterprise credit and secured the main requirement, it is very suitable for SME financing. In addition, the leasing of sheet financing, not reflected in the financial statements of the enterprise liability, does not affect the credit status of enterprises. This multi-channel financing needs of SMEs in terms of it is very beneficial.

Leasing and financing lease of a traditional nature of the difference is: traditional lease to the tenant leasing the use of objects of the time rent, and finance lease financing costs to the tenant occupying the time of rental. The market economy develops to a certain stage and the adaptation of a strong financing, in the 1950s in the United States have a new type of trading, as it adapted to the requirements of modern economic development, in the 60 to 70 the rapid development in the world, and today has become a business update equipment one of the main means of financing, known as the "sunrise instry." China in the early 1980s after the introction of this operational modalities for over 10 years has been the rapid development, compared with developed countries, the advantages of leasing is far from being played out, the market potential is huge.

[Edit] the main characteristics of the leasing
The main characteristics of the leasing is: the ownership of objects as leasing is the lessor in order to control the risk of the tenant rent reimbursement taken a form of ownership, at the end of the contract could eventually be transferred to the lessee, the lease purchase items from lease people choose, maintenance from the tenant responsible for the lessor to provide financial services only. Rent calculation principles are: to lease the lessor objects based on the purchase price, occupied by the lessee to the lessor of funds based on time, according to a mutually agreed rental rates. It is essentially dependent on the traditional leasing financial transactions, is a special kind of financial instruments.

[Edit] the type of lease financing
1. Simple financing lease

Financing lease is a simple, by the lessee choose to purchase the rental property, the lessor on the lease project through risk assessment after the rental lease to the lessee the use of objects. Throughout the lease period the lessee does not enjoy the right to use the title, and is responsible for repair and maintenance of leasing objects. The lessor's lease is good or bad thing without any liability, equipment depreciation in the tenant side.

2. Leveraged lease financing

Leveraged leasing practices similar to syndicated loans, is a specialized leasing to large-scale projects with the tax benefits of lease financing, mainly led by a leasing company as a trunk, and for the lease of a very large project financing. First set up a leasing company from the operation of the main institutions - a project-based fund management company set up projects to provide more than 20% of the total amount of funds, and the remaining part was the main source of funds banks and social absorb idle idle funds, the use of 100 percent enjoy low tax benefits "in the eight Bo" leverage for the leasing project large amount of funds. The remaining financing and leasing practices are basically the same, but because of the complexity of the contract covers a wide range and even greater. As can enjoy tax benefits, operating norms, comprehensive benefits, and recovery of rent safe, low-cost, and are generally used for aircraft, ships, communications equipment and large complete sets of equipment lease financing.

3. Commissioned by the Financial Leasing

Is a way to have the funds or equipment entrusted to non-bank financial institutions in the financing lease, the lessor is also the first client, the second is the trustee of the lessor at the same time. The lessor to accept the client's money or lease of the subject matter, according to the client's written by the client designated for the lessee of the leasing business. In the subject of the lease term lease of the property of the client, the lessor only charges, not to take risks. Such leasing commissioned a major characteristic is not to lease the right to operate the enterprise, "by the right" business. E-commerce is on the lease by lease rental as a business platform.

The second is the lessor or lessee commissioned by the lease purchase of a third person, the lessor under the contract to pay the purchase price, also known as commissioned by the lease purchase financing.

4. Project finance leasing

Lessee to project their own property and to ensure efficiency, and the lessor signed a finance lease contract, the lessor to the lessee of the property and other projects without recourse to the proceeds, we can only rent charged to the project's cash flow and profitability to determine. The seller (that is leasing goods manufacturers) through their holding leasing companies to promote their procts in this way, and expand market share. Communications equipment, medical equipment, transportation equipment, or even the right to operate highway can be used this way. Others, including the return of leasing, also known as sale and leaseback financing leasing; financing to leasing, also known as the financing to leasing.

[Edit] the risk of lease financing
Finance leases from the risk of many uncertain factors, is multifaceted and interrelated, in the full understanding of the operational activities of the characteristics of various risks can be comprehensive, scientific analysis of risks to formulate corresponding measures. The risk of financing leasing main categories as follows:

(1) proct market risks. In the market environment, regardless of the financing lease, loan or investment, as long as the funds used to purchase equipment or to carry out technological transformation, first of all, should consider leasing equipment procts market risks, which need to know to sell the procts, market share rate and occupancy, proct trends in the development of the market, the consumption structure and the mentality of the consumers and consumption capacity. If these factors are not fully understand, the survey are not careful, and may increase the market risk.

(2) financial risks. For the leasing of a financial nature, financial risks throughout the entire business activities. The lessor, the biggest risk is that the lessee is also rent capacity, it has a direct impact on the operation of leasing companies and survival, therefore, the risk of also rent from the project began, it should be cause for concern.

Currency also have risks, especially international payments, methods of payment, payment date, time, the remittance channels and means of payment options improperly, will increase the risk.

(3) Trade risk. For the leasing of a trade properties, the risks of trade negotiations to orders from the acceptance testing there is a risk. The merchandise trade in the modern development of a relatively complete, the community is also supporting the establishment of corresponding institutions and preventive measures, such as a letter of credit, transport insurance, commodity inspection, commercial arbitration and the risk of credit counseling have taken precautions and remedial measures, but because people's awareness and understanding of the risks of different degrees, and some means of a commercial nature, coupled with the inexperience of the management of enterprises and other factors, all of these instruments have not been used, making trade risk still exists.

(4) technical risks. One of the benefits of lease financing before other enterprises is the introction of advanced technology and equipment. In the actual course of the operation, or advanced technology, advanced technology is mature, mature technology for the legal rights and interests of others, is an important risk a technical reasons. Serious, e to technical problems so that equipment in a state of paralysis. Other risks include the economic environment, force majeure, and so on.

[Edit] the accounting treatment of lease financing
[Edit], the tenant on the accounting treatment of lease financing
1, the start of the lease accounting treatment

At the start of the lease, the tenant will usually be the start of the lease rental assets in the original book value of the minimum lease payments and the present value of the lower of the two leased assets as recorded value of the minimum lease payments as a long-term payables recorded value, and the difference between the two records is not recognised financing costs. However, if the assets of the leasing assets of the enterprise small proportion of the total, the tenant may be the start of the lease in the minimum lease payment records of assets and long-term rent payments. This time, the "proportional" not usually refers to fixed assets financed by leasing the lessee total assets total less than 30% (including 30%). Under such circumstances, rent for the financing of long-term assets and the determination of the amount e, the tenant may, at its option, which can be used minimum lease payments, and can also be used leasing assets in the original book value of the minimum lease payments and the present value of the two in the lower. Then what "leasing the original book value of assets" refers to the start of the lease rental, as reflected in the accounts, the book value of the leased asset.

Lessee in the calculation of the minimum lease payments at the current value, if the lessor that the interest rate implicit in the lease, the lessor should be used as the interest rate implicit in the discount rate, otherwise, shall be stipulated in the lease contract interest rate as the discount rate . If the lessor's interest rate implicit in the lease and rental rates stipulated in the contract are not available, it should be used over the same period interest rates on bank loans as the discount rate. Which is implicit in the lease rates, in the inception of the lease, the minimum lease payments and the present value of the unsecured portion of the resial value of the current value of assets and equivalent to the original book value of the discount rate.

2, the initial direct costs of the accounting treatment

Initial direct costs refer to the lease negotiations and the signing of the lease agreement occurred in the course of the lease can be directly attributable to the cost of the project. Lessee in the initial direct costs usually have stamp ty, commission, attorney fees, travel expenses, such as the costs of negotiations. Lessee in the initial direct costs should be recognised as an expense in the current period. Accounts for its handling: debit "management fees" and other subjects, credited to "bank" and other subjects.

3, no finance charge assessed

In the finance lease, the lessee to the lessor to pay the rent, include the repayment of principal and interest in two parts. Lessee to pay rent, on the one hand to rece long-term payables, on the other hand, while not confirmed by the leasing costs for a certain method to confirm the current financing costs, the first rent (that is, initially matching each rental payment) Under the circumstances, the lease term is the first phase of rent paid no interest, should only rece the long-term payments, not to confirm the current financing costs.

Not sharing in the finance costs, the lessee should be used to calculate certain way. According to the guidelines, the lessee can be used in real interest rates, the straight-line method can also be used and the number of years of combined law. In using the effective interest method, in accordance with the inception of the lease is a lease assets and liabilities are recorded based on the value of different financing costs assessment rate options are also different. No finance charge assessed specific divided into the following types:

(1), leasing assets and liabilities to a minimum lease payments accounted for the present value of value to the investor and the interest rate implicit in the lease for the discount rate. Under such circumstances, investors should be the interest rate implicit in the lease for the assessment rate.

(2), leasing assets and liabilities to a minimum lease payments for the present value of recorded value, and to lease contract provides for the interest rate as the discount rate. In such circumstances, should be stipulated in the lease contract as the rate of assessment rates.

(3), leasing assets and liabilities to the original book value of the leased asset accounted for the value of the lessee does not exist resial value guarantees and preferential purchase right to choose. In such circumstances, should be re-calculation of the cost-sharing rate financing. Financing cost-sharing rate refers to the inception of the lease, the minimum lease payments equal to the present value of lease assets in the original book value of the discount rate. In the lessee or related to the leased asset resial value of the third-party security situation, and the similar, the end of the lease, not recognised all the financing costs should be shared End, and lease liabilities should also be reced to zero.

(4), leasing assets and liabilities to the original book value of the leased asset accounted for the value of the lessee does not exist guaranteed resial value, but there is preferential option to purchase. In such circumstances, should be re-calculation of the cost-sharing rate financing. At the end of the lease, not recognised all the financing costs should be shared End, and lease liabilities should also be reced to zero.

(5), leasing assets and liabilities to the original book value of the leased asset value accounted for, and the existence of the lessee guaranteed resial value.

Under such circumstances, the cost-sharing should be re-financing rate. Related to the lessee or third parties on the resial value of leased assets as security has been provided or not at the end of the lease renewal and to pay a penalty of circumstances, the end of the lease, not recognised all the financing costs should be shared End, and lease liabilities should also be reced to the guaranteed resial value, or to be paid by the breach.

Lessee shall pay each of the rent shall be the amount of rent paid, debit "long-term payables - to finance leases," subjects, credited to "bank" subjects, if payment of rent, which includes compliance costs, At the same time debit should be "manufacturing costs", "management fees" and other subjects. At the same time should be recognized in accordance with the current amount of the finance charge, debit "financial costs" subjects, credited the "no finance charge" subjects.

4, the leased asset depreciation Provision

Tenants should finance the lessee Provision for depreciation of fixed assets, should address two main issues:

(1), depreciation policy

Provision for asset depreciation, lease, the tenant should be its own assets Provision line depreciation method. If the lessee or third parties relating to the leased asset security has been provided, should be credited for the amount of depreciation on fixed assets, and the inception of the lease accounting resial value after decting the value of the balance. If the lessee or third parties relating to the leased asset resial value of the security has been provided, the total amount of depreciation should be credited for the start of the lease value of fixed assets recorded.

(2), the depreciation period

Identify the leased asset depreciation period, should be in accordance with the lease contract. If reasonable certainty that the lessee at the end of the lessee will obtain ownership of the leased asset, the lessee can be identified with all of the assets of the remaining useful life, and should therefore be the start of the lease to lease the remaining useful life of assets as depreciation period; If you can not reasonably determine whether the lease to the lessee at the end of the lease ownership of the assets to be made to the lease period and the remaining useful life of the leased asset in the shorter of the two as the depreciation period.

5, the accounting treatment of compliance costs

Many types of compliance costs, rent for the financing of fixed assets improved expenditure, technical advice and service charges, fees should be increased staff training credited to the extension of sharing costs, debit "long-term prepaid expenses," and "accrued expenses" , "manufacturing costs", "management fees" and other subjects, the fixed assets regular maintenance, insurance, etc. can be directly charged to expense in the current period, debit "manufacturing costs," and "operating expenses" and other subjects, credited to "bank deposits, "wait until the subjects.

6, or the accounting treatment of rent

Since the rent or the amount of uncertainty, unable to adopt a rational approach to its system for sharing, in the actual event, debit "manufacturing costs," and "operating expenses" and other subjects, credited to "bank" and other subjects.

7, at the end of the lease accounting treatment

At the end of lease, the tenant on the lease is usually the disposition of the assets of three circumstances:

(1), the return of the leased asset. Debit "long-term payables - to finance leases," and "accumulated depreciation" subjects, credited "fixed assets - fixed assets financed by leasing all" subjects.

(2), renewable lease concession assets. If the lessee to exercise the right to choose renewable concession, the lease shall be deemed to have been made the presence of the corresponding accounting treatment. If no expiry of renewal, to the lessor under the lease contract to pay a penalty, debit "operating expenses" subjects, credited to "bank" and other subjects.

(3), stay purchase the leased asset. In the lessee enjoy preferential purchase right to choose, purchase price paid, debit "long-term payables - to finance lease," credited "bank" and other subjects at the same time, will be fixed assets from "all fixed assets financed by leasing" Details Details of the other subjects into subjects.

字數太多,翻譯另答~~~~~~

Ⅱ 融資計劃怎麼寫

一份好的商業計劃書,哪些因素起到決定作用?

BP的頁數:看似一個簡單的文稿處理工作,其實起到了敲門的作用,對於絕大部分早期項目,BP不應該超過20頁PPT的信息量。許多投資人對於超過20頁的BP,內心是抵觸的,更有些創始人為了追求美觀,用了太多設計圖片,造成一份BP超過20M,投資人在收到這類BP的時候,如果周邊信號不佳,很大可能是不會選擇下載查看,這樣就白白錯過了許多機會。

BP的邏輯:這點是一份BP的核心價值,每個投資人一天要看的BP不會少於20份,能從這幾十份BP中脫穎而出,讓投資人牢牢記住你的項目,靠的就是清晰的邏輯。另外投資人看BP通常都是快速掃描,甚至一分鍾讀完。所以一定要直奔主題,講重點,在最短的篇幅內講述自己項目的商業邏輯。

BP的美觀:之前說過有些創始人為了追求美觀,過度包裝造成BP過大,這一點是不可取的,不過適當的顏色搭配選擇,還是可以讓投資人在大量垃圾BP中耳目一新的。「創業者不要過於迷信模板,相信你乾的事情是獨一無二的,不建議代為撰寫BP,親自撰寫與修改BP也是對自己創業邏輯的一次次梳理,最終面對投資人的也是創業者自己,代寫人無法取代。

投資人閱讀商業計劃書(BP)後需得出3大核心1、你要做什麼(what)?你的產品或服務到底有什麼價值2、怎麼做(how)?你是不是有執行能力和成功的把握3、怎麼賺錢(商業模式)、怎麼分錢與需要多少錢(融多少資金)

商業計劃書的主要框架

商業計劃的主要框架主要從事(內事和外事)、人和錢三個部分。商業計劃書的框架模型主要分為如下圖所示四大部分和十二小節。

二、以下從12個小節介紹商業計劃書的撰寫細節和注意事

1、項目定位項目定位:通過一句話簡明扼要地介紹你們的項目是什麼,項目定位介紹寫在商業計劃書首頁,讓人一眼就知道你們是干什麼的。

2、提出問題(市場痛點在哪裡)提出問題:現有的客戶需求哪些沒有被滿足,市場痛點在哪裡,市場需求是創業的基礎,很多創業者提出的需求多為偽需求或非剛性需求,在確認市場需求的過程中也是創業者在找差異化,如果創業的方向都沒有抓住,自然很難獲得投資人的青睞,創業需要對自己和對別人負責任,市場需求的了解和深入至關重要。

3、解決方案(產品與服務)解決方案:通過哪些方法與方式解決市場痛點。

4、市場分析(市場容量)市場分析:需要證明市場需求的存在以及這個需求市場容量

5、進入策略(如何啟動)進入策略:項目從無到有,如何啟動?

6、競爭優勢(競爭對手)競爭優勢:行業內的競爭對手有哪些,項目的核心競爭力在哪裡?

7、核心團隊(團隊背景)核心團隊:核心團隊的背景履歷,以及要表明為什麼你們的團隊能幹這個事情

8、執行現狀(已做的事情)執行現狀:目前項目已經進展到什麼程度,已經做的事情做個說明

9、計劃目標(未來前景)計劃目標:未來一段時間需要乾的事情有哪些

10、商業模式(怎麼賺錢)商業模式:如何賺錢的問題,在什麼時間點能夠做到盈虧平衡

11、股權結構(怎麼分錢)股權結構:創始人及核心團隊的股權結構,決定未來長遠發展基礎

12、融資計劃(需要多少錢)融資計劃:需要多少錢干這個事情

13、如果不會寫可以找「雲對接」代寫,還可以免費對接投資人。

Ⅲ 誰能給我一份並購融資的英文文獻啊,急!!!!

Automatically translated text:
The definition of lease financing
Finance leases (Financial Leasing) also known as the Equipment Leasing (Equipment Leasing), or modern leasing (Modern Leasing), and is essentially transfer ownership of the assets of all or most of the risks and rewards of the lease. The ultimate ownership of assets to be transferred, or may not transfer.

It refers to the specific content of the lessee to the lessor under the lease object and the specific requirements of the supplier selection, vendor financing to purchase rental property, and the use of leased to a lessee, the lessee to the lessor to pay instalments rent, the lease term lease ownership of objects belonging to the lessor of all, the tenant has the right to use the leased items. Term expired, and finished the lessee to pay rent under the lease contract financing to fulfil obligations in full, leasing objects that vesting ownership of all the lessee. Despite the finance lease transactions, the lessors have the identity of the purchase of equipment, but the substantive content of the purchase of equipment suppliers such as the choice of the specific requirements of the equipment, the conditions of the purchase contract negotiations by the lessee enjoy and exercise, lessee leasing object is essentially the purchaser. , Is a finance lease extension of loans and trade and technology updates in the new integrated financial instry. Because of its extension of loans and combination of features, there is a problem in leasing companies can recycling, treatment of leasing, and so the financing for the enterprise credit and secured the main requirement, it is very suitable for SME financing. In addition, the leasing of sheet financing, not reflected in the financial statements of the enterprise liability, does not affect the credit status of enterprises. This multi-channel financing needs of SMEs in terms of it is very beneficial.

Leasing and financing lease of a traditional nature of the difference is: traditional lease to the tenant leasing the use of objects of the time rent, and finance lease financing costs to the tenant occupying the time of rental. The market economy develops to a certain stage and the adaptation of a strong financing, in the 1950s in the United States have a new type of trading, as it adapted to the requirements of modern economic development, in the 60 to 70 the rapid development in the world, and today has become a business update equipment one of the main means of financing, known as the "sunrise instry." China in the early 1980s after the introction of this operational modalities for over 10 years has been the rapid development, compared with developed countries, the advantages of leasing is far from being played out, the market potential is huge.

[Edit] the main characteristics of the leasing
The main characteristics of the leasing is: the ownership of objects as leasing is the lessor in order to control the risk of the tenant rent reimbursement taken a form of ownership, at the end of the contract could eventually be transferred to the lessee, the lease purchase items from lease people choose, maintenance from the tenant responsible for the lessor to provide financial services only. Rent calculation principles are: to lease the lessor objects based on the purchase price, occupied by the lessee to the lessor of funds based on time, according to a mutually agreed rental rates. It is essentially dependent on the traditional leasing financial transactions, is a special kind of financial instruments.

[Edit] the type of lease financing
1. Simple financing lease

Financing lease is a simple, by the lessee choose to purchase the rental property, the lessor on the lease project through risk assessment after the rental lease to the lessee the use of objects. Throughout the lease period the lessee does not enjoy the right to use the title, and is responsible for repair and maintenance of leasing objects. The lessor's lease is good or bad thing without any liability, equipment depreciation in the tenant side.

2. Leveraged lease financing

Leveraged leasing practices similar to syndicated loans, is a specialized leasing to large-scale projects with the tax benefits of lease financing, mainly led by a leasing company as a trunk, and for the lease of a very large project financing. First set up a leasing company from the operation of the main institutions - a project-based fund management company set up projects to provide more than 20% of the total amount of funds, and the remaining part was the main source of funds banks and social absorb idle idle funds, the use of 100 percent enjoy low tax benefits "in the eight Bo" leverage for the leasing project large amount of funds. The remaining financing and leasing practices are basically the same, but because of the complexity of the contract covers a wide range and even greater. As can enjoy tax benefits, operating norms, comprehensive benefits, and recovery of rent safe, low-cost, and are generally used for aircraft, ships, communications equipment and large complete sets of equipment lease financing.

3. Commissioned by the Financial Leasing

Is a way to have the funds or equipment entrusted to non-bank financial institutions in the financing lease, the lessor is also the first client, the second is the trustee of the lessor at the same time. The lessor to accept the client's money or lease of the subject matter, according to the client's written by the client designated for the lessee of the leasing business. In the subject of the lease term lease of the property of the client, the lessor only charges, not to take risks. Such leasing commissioned a major characteristic is not to lease the right to operate the enterprise, "by the right" business. E-commerce is on the lease by lease rental as a business platform.

The second is the lessor or lessee commissioned by the lease purchase of a third person, the lessor under the contract to pay the purchase price, also known as commissioned by the lease purchase financing.

4. Project finance leasing

Lessee to project their own property and to ensure efficiency, and the lessor signed a finance lease contract, the lessor to the lessee of the property and other projects without recourse to the proceeds, we can only rent charged to the project's cash flow and profitability to determine. The seller (that is leasing goods manufacturers) through their holding leasing companies to promote their procts in this way, and expand market share. Communications equipment, medical equipment, transportation equipment, or even the right to operate highway can be used this way. Others, including the return of leasing, also known as sale and leaseback financing leasing; financing to leasing, also known as the financing to leasing.

[Edit] the risk of lease financing
Finance leases from the risk of many uncertain factors, is multifaceted and interrelated, in the full understanding of the operational activities of the characteristics of various risks can be comprehensive, scientific analysis of risks to formulate corresponding measures. The risk of financing leasing main categories as follows:

(1) proct market risks. In the market environment, regardless of the financing lease, loan or investment, as long as the funds used to purchase equipment or to carry out technological transformation, first of all, should consider leasing equipment procts market risks, which need to know to sell the procts, market share rate and occupancy, proct trends in the development of the market, the consumption structure and the mentality of the consumers and consumption capacity. If these factors are not fully understand, the survey are not careful, and may increase the market risk.

(2) financial risks. For the leasing of a financial nature, financial risks throughout the entire business activities. The lessor, the biggest risk is that the lessee is also rent capacity, it has a direct impact on the operation of leasing companies and survival, therefore, the risk of also rent from the project began, it should be cause for concern.

Currency also have risks, especially international payments, methods of payment, payment date, time, the remittance channels and means of payment options improperly, will increase the risk.

(3) Trade risk. For the leasing of a trade properties, the risks of trade negotiations to orders from the acceptance testing there is a risk. The merchandise trade in the modern development of a relatively complete, the community is also supporting the establishment of corresponding institutions and preventive measures, such as a letter of credit, transport insurance, commodity inspection, commercial arbitration and the risk of credit counseling have taken precautions and remedial measures, but because people's awareness and understanding of the risks of different degrees, and some means of a commercial nature, coupled with the inexperience of the management of enterprises and other factors, all of these instruments have not been used, making trade risk still exists.

(4) technical risks. One of the benefits of lease financing before other enterprises is the introction of advanced technology and equipment. In the actual course of the operation, or advanced technology, advanced technology is mature, mature technology for the legal rights and interests of others, is an important risk a technical reasons. Serious, e to technical problems so that equipment in a state of paralysis. Other risks include the economic environment, force majeure, and so on.

[Edit] the accounting treatment of lease financing
[Edit], the tenant on the accounting treatment of lease financing
1, the start of the lease accounting treatment

At the start of the lease, the tenant will usually be the start of the lease rental assets in the original book value of the minimum lease payments and the present value of the lower of the two leased assets as recorded value of the minimum lease payments as a long-term payables recorded value, and the difference between the two records is not recognised financing costs. However, if the assets of the leasing assets of the enterprise small proportion of the total, the tenant may be the start of the lease in the minimum lease payment records of assets and long-term rent payments. This time, the "proportional" not usually refers to fixed assets financed by leasing the lessee total assets total less than 30% (including 30%). Under such circumstances, rent for the financing of long-term assets and the determination of the amount e, the tenant may, at its option, which can be used minimum lease payments, and can also be used leasing assets in the original book value of the minimum lease payments and the present value of the two in the lower. Then what "leasing the original book value of assets" refers to the start of the lease rental, as reflected in the accounts, the book value of the leased asset.

Lessee in the calculation of the minimum lease payments at the current value, if the lessor that the interest rate implicit in the lease, the lessor should be used as the interest rate implicit in the discount rate, otherwise, shall be stipulated in the lease contract interest rate as the discount rate . If the lessor's interest rate implicit in the lease and rental rates stipulated in the contract are not available, it should be used over the same period interest rates on bank loans as the discount rate. Which is implicit in the lease rates, in the inception of the lease, the minimum lease payments and the present value of the unsecured portion of the resial value of the current value of assets and equivalent to the original book value of the discount rate.

2, the initial direct costs of the accounting treatment

Initial direct costs refer to the lease negotiations and the signing of the lease agreement occurred in the course of the lease can be directly attributable to the cost of the project. Lessee in the initial direct costs usually have stamp ty, commission, attorney fees, travel expenses, such as the costs of negotiations. Lessee in the initial direct costs should be recognised as an expense in the current period. Accounts for its handling: debit "management fees" and other subjects, credited to "bank" and other subjects.

3, no finance charge assessed

In the finance lease, the lessee to the lessor to pay the rent, include the repayment of principal and interest in two parts. Lessee to pay rent, on the one hand to rece long-term payables, on the other hand, while not confirmed by the leasing costs for a certain method to confirm the current financing costs, the first rent (that is, initially matching each rental payment) Under the circumstances, the lease term is the first phase of rent paid no interest, should only rece the long-term payments, not to confirm the current financing costs.

Not sharing in the finance costs, the lessee should be used to calculate certain way. According to the guidelines, the lessee can be used in real interest rates, the straight-line method can also be used and the number of years of combined law. In using the effective interest method, in accordance with the inception of the lease is a lease assets and liabilities are recorded based on the value of different financing costs assessment rate options are also different. No finance charge assessed specific divided into the following types:

(1), leasing assets and liabilities to a minimum lease payments accounted for the present value of value to the investor and the interest rate implicit in the lease for the discount rate. Under such circumstances, investors should be the interest rate implicit in the lease for the assessment rate.

(2), leasing assets and liabilities to a minimum lease payments for the present value of recorded value, and to lease contract provides for the interest rate as the discount rate. In such circumstances, should be stipulated in the lease contract as the rate of assessment rates.

(3), leasing assets and liabilities to the original book value of the leased asset accounted for the value of the lessee does not exist resial value guarantees and preferential purchase right to choose. In such circumstances, should be re-calculation of the cost-sharing rate financing. Financing cost-sharing rate refers to the inception of the lease, the minimum lease payments equal to the present value of lease assets in the original book value of the discount rate. In the lessee or related to the leased asset resial value of the third-party security situation, and the similar, the end of the lease, not recognised all the financing costs should be shared End, and lease liabilities should also be reced to zero.

(4), leasing assets and liabilities to the original book value of the leased asset accounted for the value of the lessee does not exist guaranteed resial value, but there is preferential option to purchase. In such circumstances, should be re-calculation of the cost-sharing rate financing. At the end of the lease, not recognised all the financing costs should be shared End, and lease liabilities should also be reced to zero.

(5), leasing assets and liabilities to the original book value of the leased asset value accounted for, and the existence of the lessee guaranteed resial value.

Under such circumstances, the cost-sharing should be re-financing rate. Related to the lessee or third parties on the resial value of leased assets as security has been provided or not at the end of the lease renewal and to pay a penalty of circumstances, the end of the lease, not recognised all the financing costs should be shared End, and lease liabilities should also be reced to the guaranteed resial value, or to be paid by the breach.

Lessee shall pay each of the rent shall be the amount of rent paid, debit "long-term payables - to finance leases," subjects, credited to "bank" subjects, if payment of rent, which includes compliance costs, At the same time debit should be "manufacturing costs", "management fees" and other subjects. At the same time should be recognized in accordance with the current amount of the finance charge, debit "financial costs" subjects, credited the "no finance charge" subjects.

4, the leased asset depreciation Provision

Tenants should finance the lessee Provision for depreciation of fixed assets, should address two main issues:

(1), depreciation policy

Provision for asset depreciation, lease, the tenant should be its own assets Provision line depreciation method. If the lessee or third parties relating to the leased asset security has been provided, should be credited for the amount of depreciation on fixed assets, and the inception of the lease accounting resial value after decting the value of the balance. If the lessee or third parties relating to the leased asset resial value of the security has been provided, the total amount of depreciation should be credited for the start of the lease value of fixed assets recorded.

(2), the depreciation period

Identify the leased asset depreciation period, should be in accordance with the lease contract. If reasonable certainty that the lessee at the end of the lessee will obtain ownership of the leased asset, the lessee can be identified with all of the assets of the remaining useful life, and should therefore be the start of the lease to lease the remaining useful life of assets as depreciation period; If you can not reasonably determine whether the lease to the lessee at the end of the lease ownership of the assets to be made to the lease period and the remaining useful life of the leased asset in the shorter of the two as the depreciation period.

5, the accounting treatment of compliance costs

Many types of compliance costs, rent for the financing of fixed assets improved expenditure, technical advice and service charges, fees should be increased staff training credited to the extension of sharing costs, debit "long-term prepaid expenses," and "accrued expenses" , "manufacturing costs", "management fees" and other subjects, the fixed assets regular maintenance, insurance, etc. can be directly charged to expense in the current period, debit "manufacturing costs," and "operating expenses" and other subjects, credited to "bank deposits, "wait until the subjects.

6, or the accounting treatment of rent

Since the rent or the amount of uncertainty, unable to adopt a rational approach to its system for sharing, in the actual event, debit "manufacturing costs," and "operating expenses" and other subjects, credited to "bank" and other subjects.

7, at the end of the lease accounting treatment

At the end of lease, the tenant on the lease is usually the disposition of the assets of three circumstances:

(1), the return of the leased asset. Debit "long-term payables - to finance leases," and "accumulated depreciation" subjects, credited "fixed assets - fixed assets financed by leasing all" subjects.

(2), renewable lease concession assets. If the lessee to exercise the right to choose renewable concession, the lease shall be deemed to have been made the presence of the corresponding accounting treatment. If no expiry of renewal, to the lessor under the lease contract to pay a penalty, debit "operating expenses" subjects, credited to "bank" and other subjects.

(3), stay purchase the leased asset. In the lessee enjoy preferential purchase right to choose, purchase price paid, debit "long-term payables - to finance lease," credited "bank" and other subjects at the same time, will be fixed assets from "all fixed assets financed by leasing" Details Details of the other subjects into subjects.

因字數有限就無法翻譯成中文了

Ⅳ 百度金融在區塊鏈的布局和野心

但具備這些專業能力還不夠,肖偉覺得還需要另外「3個條件」。

「第一個,你的語言必須是C++或者GO;第二個,對於分布式計算、密碼學和P2P網路編程有所了解;第三個,我們希望你對經濟學原理有了解。」

為什麼還要有經濟學原理?

「因為比特幣除了技術以外,它裡面還有一個經濟學博弈論的問題。」肖偉稱,不斷提高作惡的成本,增加工作量的獎勵,從而通過經濟學束縛惡,激勵善。

這大概是博弈論中的經典案例了。

「所以,區塊鏈網路設計,除了技術,還有了解經濟學原理,我們稱之為生態搭建。」肖偉稱。

03區塊鏈信仰

2017年,肖偉正式接觸區塊鏈,就立刻變為信仰。

「就像你沒法問基督徒上帝存不存在一樣,很難回答為什麼會信仰區塊鏈。」肖偉稱,「我對信仰的理解,就是你遇到挫折、遇到任何挑戰的時候,堅信一定可以克服。」

尤其是在區塊鏈萌芽期,技術探索一定會遭遇重重挑戰,「資源上、落地上、技術上和監管上的困難,但只要堅信『這是好的』,你就可以堅持下去。」肖偉表示。

肖偉堅信,區塊鏈技術,是對未來社會有幫助的。

他有幾點判斷。

一是,區塊鏈技術不會馬上黃掉,它有「黃金十年、白銀十年」。

「2018~2028年是區塊鏈行業的好機會。」肖偉認為,可能會像2000年的互聯網和2008年的移動時代一樣,出現一個蓬勃發展的黃金期:人才水平提升、公司市值提升。

「所以我們的建議是,如果你錯過移動和AI,不要錯過區塊鏈。」肖偉會建議程序員去做區塊鏈,「我給現在團隊的定位是,三年後,最低也能達到年薪百萬。」

二是,目前區塊鏈領域,確實存在嚴重泡沫,就像當年的互聯網。

1999年有一個很奇怪現象,就是改域名,只要公司域名改成「.COM」、「**在線」,股票就蹭蹭上漲。

這種改名的浪潮,也完美復制到了區塊鏈領域,A股上市公司紛紛成立「區塊鏈實驗室」,股價應聲上漲;美國軟飲料公司「長島冰茶」宣布改名為「長區塊鏈」,股價暴漲500%。

因此,區塊鏈行業存在一定的泡沫,也可以理解。

三是,區塊鏈技術和互聯網技術是等價的。

區塊鏈和互聯網之間,會是怎樣的關系?

「互聯網是一個信息獲取的途徑,區塊鏈是一個價值信任的途徑。」肖偉認為,區塊鏈最大的變革,是效率的提升。

這個效率,不是技術性能,而是企業效率。

比如,以前點到點的消費,因為雙方無法互相信任,所以才出現這么多中間環節,目的就是「增信」。

如果點對點能直接信任,整個商業模式都將發生巨變。

「區塊鏈最大的變革,就是解決信任問題,讓你的信任變得特別簡單,整個中間環節在不停被壓縮。」肖偉認為。

而區塊鏈的顛覆之力,就誕生與此。

一方面,區塊鏈帶來效率的提升,推動了整個行業的變革。

對於整個企業而言,提速非常重要。之前規范一個業務線項目,可能需要十天時間,但加上區塊鏈後,信任溝通協作的時間大大降低。

肖偉舉了高鐵的例子:高鐵速度從80km/h提到300km/h,浙江省開始建立「一小時經濟圈」,「如果再快點,甚至能影響房價,這不是顛覆嗎」。

另一方面,在區塊鏈下的商業新生態中,品牌的沖擊會非常大。

「品牌很大程度上是對質量的背書,」肖偉認為,「區塊鏈的出現可以做到,把品牌摘掉,依舊能保證質量。」

這也是新零售、新製造最核心的競爭力。

比如我們買某個牌子的黃金首飾,我們看重的其實是品牌背後的工藝,如果能直接與背後的金店、工藝師建立「信任」,就不再需要這個牌子作為背書。

「整個信任改變後,就改變了整個生產關系。」肖偉認為。

「馬克思說生產力決定生產關系,但現在生產力已富裕了,我們更需要的不是生產力的提高,而是生產關系的重新分配。」肖偉認為,「只有生產關系的天花板『往上拱一拱』,生產力才會繼續往前沖。」

「而每一次生產關系改變帶來的資源重新分配,都是一個造富機會,一定會有人起來,有人倒下。」 肖偉稱,這也是幣圈如此瘋狂的根本原因。

但是,肖偉也不認為區塊鏈可以取代「古典互聯網」。

「古典的不一定就比現代的差,古典音樂、古典經濟學都是這樣。在很多技術領域,古典、現代和後現代是並列關系。」

「之所以出現『古典互聯網』這樣的詞,是因為很多區塊鏈圈的人並沒有明白區塊鏈是什麼,也不清楚區塊鏈究竟為什麼可以改變世界。」肖偉認為。

作為中心化的「巨頭」,網路會被區塊鏈顛覆嗎?

肖偉相信網路不會被顛覆。

「搜索和商業不一樣,和品牌也不一樣,搜索最重要的是好用,不需要品牌去做信用背書。」

「網路在BATJ中,是最不可能被區塊鏈顛覆的一個。」肖偉稱。

Ⅳ 我有專利項目如何融資

你可以用該專利作為質押向銀行請求貸款。
根據《擔保法》第七十五條 下列權利可以質押:
(一)匯票、支票、本票、債券、存款單、倉單、提單;
(二)依法可以轉讓的股份、股票;
(三)依法可以轉讓的商標專用權,專利權、著作權中的財產權;
(四)依法可以質押的其他權利。

Ⅵ IPO 和 再融資 是什麼關系

IPO就是initial public offerings(首次公開發行股票), 即首次公開上市,英文全稱

首次公開招股是指一家私人企業第一次將它的股份向公眾出售。通常,上市公司的股份是根據向相應證券會出具的招股書或登記聲明中約定的條款通過經紀商或做市商進行銷售。一般來說,一旦首次公開上市完成後,這家公司就可以申請到證券交易所或報價系統掛牌交易。

再融資是指已經公開發行並上市的公司,再次通過發行新的股票來融資的融資方式。由於一家公司從未上市公司變為上市公司是由幕後走向台前,那麼對其過往的經營情況需要嚴格審查,所以IPO的條件一般會比較嚴。而再融資的公司由於已經是上市公司,已經長期在公眾的監督之下了,所以過往業績的審查相對寬松一些。

Ⅶ 急求關於中小企業融資的外文參考文獻

研究中小企業融資要參考的英文文獻
英文圖書和期刊類文獻:

[1]Allen N.Berger,Gregory F.Udell,「Relationship Lending and Lines of Credit in

Small FirmFinance,」Journal of Business,Vol.68,no.3.(1995),pp.351-381.

[2]Aghion,P.,Incomplete contracts approach to financial contracting,Review of

Economics Studies,1992,Vol.59,p473-494.

[3]Albertode,M.&JulioPindado.Determinants of capital structure:new evidence

from Spanish Panel data[J].Journal of Corporate Finance,2001,(7):77-99.

[4]A.N.Berger,N.H.Miller,M.A.Petersen,R.G.Rajan,J.C.Stein,2001,「Does

Function Follow Organizational Form?Evidence from the Lending Practices of

Large and Small Banks」,Board of Governors of Federal Reserve System

Working Paper.

[5]Azam,J.P.,B.Biais,M.Dia and C.Mauriel.Informal and Formal Credit Markets

and Credit Rationing in Cote D』Ivoire,Oxford Review of Economic Policy,

2001,17(4),520-532.

[6]Bernanke,B.S.,M.Gerler.Inside the Black Box:The Credit Channel of

Monetary Policy Transmission[J].Journal of Economic

Perspectives,1995,(9);27-48.

[7]Barbosa,E.&Moraes,C.,Determinants of the Firm』s Capital Structure:the

Case of the Very Small Enterprises,Working Paper from Econpapers,2003,

366-358。

[8]Barton,S.L.&Gordon,P.J.Corporate strategy and capital structure[J].

Strategic Management Journal,1988,9:623-632.

[9]Baxter,N.D.&Cragg,J.G.Corporate choice among long-term financing

instruments[J].Review of Economics and Statistics,1970,(52):225-235.

[10]Berger,A.N.,Udell,G.F.,RelationshipLending andLinesof Credit in Small

Firm Finance[J],Journal ofBusiness,1995,68,351—382.

[11]Berger,A.N.,Udell,and G.F.The Economics of Small Business Finance:

The Roles of Private Equity and Debts Markets in the Financial Growth

Cycle[J].Journal of Banking and Finance,1998,22(6):613-673.137

[12]Berger and Udell,Small Business Credit Availability and Relationship

Lending:The Importance of Bank Organizational Structure[J],Economic

Journal,2002,112(447)L:32-53.

[13]Booth,Laurence,Varouj Aivazian,Asli Demirguckunt&Vojislav Maksimovie.

Capital structures in developing countries[J].Journal of Finance,2001,

(56):87-130.

[14]Bradley,M.,Jarrell,G.A.,&Kim,E.H.On the existence of an optimal capital

structure:theory and evidence[J].Journal of Finance,1984,(39):857-880.

[15]Brander,J.A.&Lewis,T.R.Oligopoly and financial structure:the limited

liability effect[J].American Economic Review,1986,(76):956-970.

[16]Chang Chun.Capital structure as optimal contract[J].North American Journal

of Economics and Finance,1999,(10):363-385.

[17]Cole,R·A·,Goldberg,L·G·&White,L·J·Cookie-cutter versus character:The

micro structure of small business lending by large and small banks[J]·Journal

of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,2004,39,pp227-251.

[18]Collins,J.M.&Sekely,W.S.The relationship of headquarters country and

instry classification to financial structure[J].Financial Management,1983,

(3):45-51.

[19]David F.Scott,John D.Martin.Instry Influence on Financial Structure[J].

Financila Management,Spring,1975,67-73.

[20]DeAngelo,H.&Masulis,R.Optimal capital structure in corporate and Personal

Taxation.Journal of Financial Economics,1980,(8):3-29.

[21]Durand,David,1952,Cost of Debt and Equity Funds for Business:Trends and

Problems of Measurement,Conference on Research in Business Finance,

National Bureau of Economic Research,New York,p215-247.

[22]Eli Schwartz and J Richard Aronson.1967.Some Surrogate Evidence in

Support of the Concept of Optimal Financial Structure[J].Journal of Finance.

22(1):10-18.

[23]Enunza,VR.Determinants of financial structure in the central American

common market[J].Financial Management,1979,(3):72-77.

[24]Fama,E.&Jensen,M.C.Ageney Problem and resial claims.Journal of Law

and Economics,1983,(26):327-349.

[25]Frank M.Z.,GoyalV.K.Testing the Pecking Order Theory of Capital Structure.138

Journal of Financial Economics,67:217-248,2003.

[26]Gilson,S.Tansaction cost and capital structure choice:evidences from

financially distressed firms[J].Journal of finance,1997,(52):161-195.

[27]Grossman,S.&Hart,O.Corporate financial structure and managerial in

incentives[J].In McCall,J.Ed.The economic of information uncertainty[M].

Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1982:107-137.

[28]Hall,G.,Hutchinson,P.&Michaelas,N.Instry effects on the determinants

of unquoted SMEs』capital structure[J].International Journal of the Economics

of Business,2000,(7):297-312.

[29]Harris,M.&Raviv,A.The theory of capital structure[J].Journal of Finance,

1991,(46):297-355.

[30]Jensen,M.&Meckling,W.Theory of the firm:managerial behavior,agency

cost and capital structure[J].Journal of Financial Economics,1976,

3(l):305-360.

[31]Jordan,J.,Lowe,J.&Taylor,P.Strategy and financial policy in UK small firms

[J].Journal of Business Finance and Accounting,1998,(25):1-27.

[32]Jose Lopez-Gracia&Cristina Aybar-Arias.An empirical approach to the

financial behavior of small and medium sized companies[J].Small Business

Economics,2000,14(l):55-63.

[33]Kane,A.,Marcus,A.J.&McDonald,R.L.How big is the tax advantage to

debt[J].Journal of Finance,1984,(39):841-853.

[34]Kester C W.Capital and ownership structure:A comparison of United States

and Japanese manufacturing corporations[J].FinancialManagement,1986(15):

5-16.

[35]Kim W S,Sorensen E H.Evidence on the impact of the agency costs of debt in

corporate debt policy[J].Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,1986,

21:131-144.

[36]Lee Remmers.Instry and Size as Debt Ratio Determinants in Manufacturing

Internationally[J].Financial Management,summer.,2002(5),67-78.

[37]Long,M.&Maltiz,L.The investment-financing nexus:some empirical

evidence[J].Midland Corporate Finance Journal,1985,(3):53-59.

[38]Marsh,P.The choice between equity and debt:an empirical study[J].Journal of

Finance,1982,(37):121-144.139

[39]Mcmillan,J.,Woodruff,C.Interfirm Relationships and Informal Credit in

Vietnam[J].Quaterly Journal of Economics,1999,114(4):1285-1320.

[40]Mian,S.,and C.W...Smith.Accounts Receivable Management Policy:Theory

and Evidence,Journal of Finance,1992,47:169-200.

[41]Ming fang Li&Roy L.S.Environmental dynamism,capital structure and

innovation:an empirical test[J].The International Journal of Organizational

Analysis,2002,(10):169-179.

[42]Modigliani,F.&Miller,M.H.The cost of capital,corporation finance and the

theory of investment[J].American Economic Review,1958(58),261-297.

[43]Mreton H.Miller.Debt&Taxes.The Journal of Finance,Vol.XXXII,No.2,

May 1977,pp.261~275.

[44]Myers,S.C.,Determinants of corporate borrowing[J].Journal of Financial

Economics5,1977,146-75.

[45]Myers,S.The capital structure puzzle[J].Journal of Finance,1984,

39(3):575-592..

[46]Myers,S.&Majlu,N.Corporate financing and investment decisions when

firms have information that investors do not have[J].Journal of Financial

Economics,1984,13(l):187-221.

[47]Ng,Chee k.,J.K.Smith,R.I.Smith.Evidence on the Determinants of Credit

Terms Used in Interfirm Trade[J].Journal of Finance,1999,(54);1109-1129.

[48]Petersen,M.A.and R.G.Rajan.The Benefits of Lending Relationships:

Evidence from Small Business Data,the Journal of Finance,1994,XLIX,3-37.

[49]Petersen,M.A.and R.G.Rajan.Trade Credit:Theories and Evidence,the

Review of Financial Studies,1997,Vol.10.No 3,661-691.

[50]Piero Sraffa.The Works and Correspondence ofDavid Ricardo:Volume 1[M].

Cambridge:AtThe University Press,1951.

[51]Rajan,R.G.&Zingales,L.What do we known about capital structure?Some

evidence from international data[J].Journal of Finance,1995,(l):1421-1461.

[52]RobertM Bowen,et al,1982,Evidence on The Existence and Determinants of

Inter-Instry Differences in Leverage[J].Financial Management.Winter:

10-20.

[53]Ross.The determination of financial structure:The incentive signaling

approach,Bell Journal of Economics,1977,Vol.8,p23-40.[54]Saring,Oded H...Bargaining with a Corporation and the Capital Structure of

Bargaining Firm[J].Journal of Financial Economics,1984,(17).

[55]Scott,J.H.Bankruptcy,secured debt and optimal capital structure[J].Journal

of Finance,1977,(32):1-19.

[56]Smith,C.W.,andR.L.Watts,The Investment opportunity set and corporate

financing,dividend and compensation Polices[J],Journal of Financial

Economics3,1992,20-27

[57]Stiglitz,J.&Weiss,A.Credit rationing in the market with imperfect

information[J].American Economic Review,1981,73(3):393-409.

[58]Stultz R.Managerial discretion and optimal financing policies[J].Journal

ofFinancialEconomics,1990,(26):3-27.

[59]Taggart,R.A.A model of corporate financing decisions[J].Journal of Finance,

1977,(32):1467-1484.

[60]Taub,A.J.Determinants of the firm』s capital structure[J].Review of Economics

and Statistics,1975,(57):410-416.

[61]Titman,S.The effect of capital structure on a firm,liquidation

decision[J].Journal of Financial Economics,1984,(13):137-151.

[62]Titman,S.&Wessels,R.The determinants of capital structure choice[J].Journal

of Finance,1988,(43):1-19.

[63]Wald,J.K.How firm characteristics affect capital structure:an international

comparison[J]Journal of Financial Research,1999,(22):161-187.

[64]Willamson,O.Corporate finance and corporate governance[J].The Journal of

Finance,1988,43(3):567-591.

[65]William D.Bradford Creating Government Financing Programs for Small and

Medium-sized Enterprises in China[J].2004,234-245.

Ⅷ 融資英文文獻

融資英文文獻(6000字左右 ) 作者:Justin.Athur.winner。 Commercial Financing Solutions - Think Outside The Bank
July,2007 by Stephen Bush
Commercial financing borrowers are likely to feel that a traditional bank is their best source for business financing. However, because most traditional banks focus on a small number of established instries, non-traditional (non-bank) and non-local commercial lenders should be considered for most commercial financing situations. Therefore the recommended commercial financing strategy (as discussed in this article) is to Think Outside the Bank」.
There are several commercial financing situations in which commercial borrowers will frequently find that non-traditional commercial lenders are better positioned to provide terms that are more advantageous to the commercial borrower: (1) Business cash advance and credit card factoring programs; (2) commercial mortgage loans; and (3) credit card processing programs. In some cases a traditional bank will offer to provide commercial financing but will attach excessively stringent terms and covenants. In other cases a traditional bank will decline the commercial financing outright, perhaps because they do not even provide business financing to the commercial borrower』s particular instry. In either case, the commercial borrower is likely to benefit by Thinking Outside the Bank」.
As I noted in an earlier commercial financing article, in many non-competitive business financing situations it is not unusual for a local traditional bank to impose harsher commercial financing terms than would typically be seen in a more competitive business financing market. Such traditional banks routinely take advantage of a relative lack of other commercial lenders in their local market. An appropriate response by commercial borrowers is to seek out non-bank commercial financing options. It is neither necessary nor wise for commercial borrowers to depend only upon local traditional banks for commercial financing solutions. For most commercial financing situations, a non-local and non-bank commercial lender is likely to provide improved business financing terms because they are accustomed to competing aggressively with other commercial lenders.

COMMERCIAL FINANCING EXAMPLE ONE - THINK OUTSIDE THE BANK
Business Cash Advance and Credit Card Receivables Programs

Most businesses that accept credit cards in their business will qualify for a business cash advance with their credit card receivables. Traditional banks will typically be very poor candidates to consider if a business needs assistance with credit card factoring and business cash advances. Because even thriving businesses frequently need more cash than they can borrow from a bank, it can be of critical importance for a business to Think Outside the Bank」 and locate non-traditional lenders to assist with this commercial financing need.

COMMERCIAL FINANCING EXAMPLE TWO - THINK OUTSIDE THE BANK
Commercial Mortgage Loans

Two of the most common commercial financing difficulties experienced by commercial borrowers can be avoided if they Think Outside the Bank」. The first commercial financing situation is the prevailing practice of traditional banks to avoid most special purpose properties (such as funeral homes and churches). The second commercial financing situation is the typical practice of most commercial banks to attach balloon and/or recall provisions to their commercial loans (which means that the bank can require early repayment of the commercial loan under various conditions). Both of these undesirable commercial financing situations can usually and easily be avoided by considering a non-traditional and non-bank lender.

COMMERCIAL FINANCING EXAMPLE THREE - THINK OUTSIDE THE BANK
Credit Card Processing Programs

The choice of an appropriate credit card processing service can be instrumental in improving the profitability of businesses with a high volume of credit card activity. The analysis of credit card processing providers can be effectively combined with the credit card factoring and credit card receivables process described above. In assessing a business cash advance program, it is frequently possible to simultaneously arrange for a substantial improvement in the merchant』s credit card processing program. Because traditional banks are usually not competitive in providing assistance with credit card factoring, it is equally likely that a non-traditional lender will be the primary source of effective and competitive help with credit card processing.

A closing commercial financing thought: I have written an earlier commercial financing article about commercial lenders to avoid. It should be noted that there are in fact both traditional and non-traditional (non-bank) lenders which should be avoided. So when commercial borrowers Think Outside the Bank」, it is still of critical importance that they are prepared to avoid a wide variety of problematic non-traditional commercial lenders in their search for viable commercial financing, especially when it involves business cash advance (credit card receivables and credit card factoring) programs, credit card processing services and commercial real estate financing.

商業融資解決方案-比如銀行外
2007年7月由Stephen布希
商業融資的借款人可能會認為,傳統的銀行是他們的最佳來源的商業融資。然而,由於大多數傳統銀行側重於少數設立工業,非傳統(非銀行)和非本地商業銀行應考慮大多數商業融資的情況。因此,建議商業融資戰略(如本文中討論)是跳出本行「 。
有幾個商業融資情況下,商業借款人常常發現,非傳統的商業銀行將能夠更好地提供的條件更有利的商業借款人: ( 1 )商業透支現金和信用卡保理業務程序; ( 2 )商業按揭貸款;和( 3 )信用卡處理程序。在某些情況下,傳統的銀行將提供商業融資,但附加條件過於嚴格和盟約。在其他情況下,傳統的銀行將下降徹底的商業融資,這可能是因為他們甚至不提供商業融資,商業借款人的特定行業。在這兩種情況下,商業借款人可能會受益於銀行外思考「 。
正如我在較早的商業融資的文章,在許多非競爭企業融資情況下,它並沒有什麼不尋常的地方傳統的銀行實行更加嚴厲的商業融資條件比通常被視為在一個更具競爭力的企業融資市場。這種傳統的銀行通常利用相對缺乏其他商業銀行在其當地市場。作出適當的反應是由商業借款人尋求非銀行的商業融資方案。這是既無必要,也明智的商業借款取決於只有在當地傳統的商業銀行融資解決方案。對於大多數商業融資的情況下,非本地和非銀行的商業銀行有可能提供更好的企業融資條件,因為他們所熟悉的競爭積極與其他商業銀行。

商業融資比如-比如銀行外
企業現金和信用卡應收帳款程序

大多數企業認為接受信用卡將在其業務資格的商業現金透支的信用卡應收款。傳統的銀行通常會是非常貧窮的候選人,以考慮是否需要援助業務與保理業務和信用卡業務現金墊款。因為即使是蓬勃發展的企業往往需要更多的現金,他們可以比銀行貸款,它可以是極其重要的商業銀行外的思考「 ,並找到非傳統的貸款,以協助這個商業融資的需要。

商業融資兩名-比如銀行外
商業按揭貸款

兩個最常見的商業融資遇到困難的商業貸款,可避免如果他們認為銀行外「 。第一商業融資情況是普遍存在的做法,傳統的銀行,以避免最特殊用途性質(如殯儀館和教堂) 。第二商業融資的情況是典型的做法,大多數商業銀行的重視氣球和/或召回規定的商業貸款(這意味著銀行可以要求提前償還的商業貸款不同條件下) 。這兩種不良商業融資的情況,通常可以很容易地避免和審議了非傳統和非銀行貸款。

商業融資例3 -比如銀行外
信用卡處理程序

選擇一個適當的信用卡處理服務,可有助於改善企業的盈利與大量的信用卡活動。分析信用卡處理供應商,才能有效地結合信用卡保理業務和信用卡應收款上述進程。在評估企業現金透支程序時,它常常是有可能同時安排大大提高商家的信用卡處理程序。由於傳統的銀行通常是沒有競爭力,在提供援助信用卡保理業務中,也同樣可能是一個非傳統的貸款將是主要來源的有效和有競爭力的幫助,信用卡處理。

閉幕商業融資認為:我已經寫的早期商業融資文章商業銀行,以避免。應當指出的是,事實上,傳統和非傳統(非銀行)貸款,應加以避免。因此,當借款人跳出商業銀行「 ,它仍然是至關重要的,它們准備,以避免各種問題的非傳統的商業銀行在尋求可行的商業融資,尤其是當它涉及業務現金透支(信用卡應收款和信用卡保理)程序,信用卡處理服務和商業房地產融資。