Ⅰ 什么是财会术语表
财会术语表 A Accelerated methods of depreciation 加速折旧法 Accounting equation 会计等式 Accounting period 会计期间 Accounts payable 应付账款 Accounts payable turnover 应付账款周转 Accounts receivable 应收账款 Accounts receivable turnover 应收账款周转 Accrual accounting 权责发生制会计 Accruals 应计项目 Accrued payables 应付款项 Accumulated depreciation 累计折旧 Activity method 作业方法 Activity ratios 作业比率 Actuary 精算师,精算 Additional paid-in capital 资本公积 Aging schele 账龄分析表 Allowance method 备抵法 Amortization 摊销 Analytic review 分析性复核 Annual report 年报 Annuity 年金 Appropriation of retained earnings 留存收益分配 Asset 资产 Asset depreciation range (ADR) 资产折旧范围 Asset impairment 资产清理 Asset retirement 资产报废 Asset turnover 资产周转率 Audit 审计 Audit committee 审计委员会 Audit opinion 审计意见 Audit report 审计报告 Authorized shares 授权股本，注册股份 Available-for-sale securities 短期投资 B Bad debts 坏账 Balance sheet 资产负债表 Bank reconciliation 银行对账单 Basic earnings per share 基本每股盈利 Betterment 改良 "Big 5"五大会计师事务所 board of directors 董事会 bond 债券契约 bonds payable 应付债券 book gain/loss 账面收益/损失 book value 账面价值 borrowing capacity 融资能力 business acquisition 企业兼并 business combination 企业合并 business segment 企业内部责任单位 C Call provision 提前赎回条款 Capital 资产 Capital lease 资本租赁 Capital structure 资本结构 Capital structure leverage 资本结构杠杆 Capitalization ratios 资本比率 Capitalize 资本化 Cash discount 现金折扣 Cash equivalent 现金等价物 Cash flow 现金流 Cash flow accounting 现金流量法会计 Cash flow from financing 筹资产生的现金流量 Cash flow from investing 投资产生的现金流量 Cash flow from operations 经营产生的现金流量 Cash flow projection 现金项目 Cash management 现金管理 Certificate of deposit 存款单 Certified public accountant 注册会计师 Classified balance sheet 分类资产负债闭 Clean audit opinion 无保留意见 Collateral 抵押品， 担保品 Collection period 商业票据 Common earnings leverage 普通收入杠杆 Common stock 普通股 Common-size financial statements Compensating balance 抵销余额 Conservatism 稳健 Consignment 寄销品 Consistency 连续性 Consolidated financial statements 合并财务报表 Contingency 或有事项 Contingent liability 或有负债 Contra account 对销账户 Contributed capital 实缴资本 Controlling interest 控股权益 Convertible bonds 可转换债券 Copyright 版权 Corporation 公司 Cost 成本 Cost expiration 成本耗用 Cost method 成本法 Cost of capital 资金成本 Cost of goods sold 销货成本 Covenant 契约 CPA certified public accountant 注册会计师 Credit quality 信用程度 Credit rating 信用评级 Credit terms 信用条件 Creditor 债权人 Cumulative preferred stock 累积优先股 Current assets 流动资产 Current cost 现行成本 Current liabilities 流动负债 Current maturity of long-term debts 即将到期的长期负债 Current ratio 流动比率 D Debenture 债券 Debt 债务 Debt covenant 债务契约 Debt investment 债权性投资 Debt ratio 负债比率 Debt redemptions 债务清偿 Debt/equity ratio 负债/权益比率 Default 违约 Deferred cost 递延成本 Deferred income 递延收益 Deferred income taxes 递延所得税 Deferred revenue 递延收入 Defined benefit pension plan 即定收益养老金方案 Defined contribution pension plan 即定供款养老金方案 Depletion 折耗 Depreciation 折旧 Depreciation base 折旧系数 Depreciation expense 折旧费用 Diluted earnings per share 摊薄后每股盈利 Dilution 摊薄 Dilutive securities 摊薄证券 Direct method 直线法 Direct write-off method 直接注销法 Discount on bond payable 应付债券折价 Discount rate 贴现率，折扣率 Divestiture 风险 Dividend yield 股息率 Dividends 股息 Dividends in arrears 应付股利 Double taxation 双重征税 Double-declining-balance method 双倍余额递减法 DuPont Model 杜邦体系 E Earning power 盈利能力 Earnings 盈利 Earnings per share 每股利润 Earning quality 收益质量 Economic entity assumption 经济个体假定 Economic value added 经济价值增加 Effective interest method 实际利息法 Effective interest rate 实际利率 Equity 所有者权益 Equity investment 权益投资 Equity issuance 发行股票 Equity method 权益法 Equity security 股本证券 Escrow 代管 Exchange rate 汇率 Expense 费用 External financing 外部融资 Extraordinary item 非经常项目 F Face value 面值 Fair market value 公允市价 Financial accounting 财务会计 Financial accounting standards 财务会计 Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计标准委员会 Financial condition 财务状况 Financial flexibility 财务弹性 Financial performance 财务业绩 Financial ratio analysis 财务比率分析 Financial statement analysis 财务报表分析 Financial statements 财务报表 Financing activities 融资活动 First-in, first-out 先进先出法 Fiscal period assumption 会计期假设 Fiscal year 会计年度 Fixed asset turnover 固定资产周转 Fixed assets 固定资产 FOB destination 离岸货价 FOB shipping point 起运点交货 Footnotes 附注 Forward contract 期货合同 Freight-in 运费已付 Frequent transactions 经常性交易 G Gain contingency 或有收益 Generally accepted accounting principles一般会计原则 Going concern 持续经营 Goods in transit 在途商品 Goodwill 商誉 Government accounting 政府会计 Gross margin 毛利，边际贡献 Gross profit 毛利 H Hedging 套期保值 Hidden reserves 秘密准备 Historical cost 历史成本 Human capital 人力资源 Human resources 人力资源 Hurdle rate 利率下限 Hybrid security 混合证券 I Income 收益 Income statement 损益表 Independent auditor 独立审计 Indirect method 间接法 Instry 行业 Inflation 通货膨胀 Input market 投入市场 Installment obligation 分期付款 Intangible asset 无形资产 Interest 利息 Interest coverage ratio 利息保障比率 Interest-bearing obligation 附息债务 Internal control system 内部控制系统 Internal financing 内部筹资 Internal Revenue Code 国内税收法规 Internal Revenue Service 国内税收总署 Interperiod tax allocation 跨期税款分摊 Intraperiod tax allocation 所得税期内分摊 Inventory 存货 Inventory turnover 存货周转 Investing activities 投资活动 L Land 土地，不动产 Last-in, first-out 后进先出 Lease 租赁 Leverage 杠杆效应 Liability 负债 Life of a bond 年金期间 LIFO conformity rule 后进先出法一致性规则 LIFO liquidation 后进先出法清算 LIFO reserve 后进先出法准备 Line of credit 信用限额 Liquidation 清算 Liquidity 流动性 Listed company 上市公司 Loan contract 贷款合同 Loan covenant 贷款契约 Long-lived assets 长期资产 Long-term loan 长期负债 Long-term debt ratio 长期债务率 Long-term investments 长期投资 Loss 亏损 Loss contingency 或有损失 Lower-of-cost-or-market rule 成本与市价孰低原则 M MACRS 加速成本回收法修正系统 Maintenance expenditure 维修费用 Management accounting 管理会计 Management discretion 管理决策 Management letter 管理建议书 Manufacturing company 制造公司 Margin 毛利 Mark-to-market accounting 按市场计价法会计 Markdown 减低标价 Market price 市场价格 Market share 市场份额 Market value 市价 Market-to-book ratio 市价与账面值比率 Marketable securities 有价证券 Matching principle 配比原则 Materiality 重要性 Maturity date 到期日 Maturity value 到期值 Measurement theory 计量理论 Merchandise inventory 商品盘存 Merger 合并 Mortgage 抵押，按揭 Mortgage payable 应付抵押款 Multinational corporation 跨国公司 N Natural resource cost 自然资源成本 Net assets 净资产 Net book value 净账面价值 Net credit sales 净赊销值 Net earnings 净收益 Net income 净收益 Net of tax 税后净额 Net operation income 净营业收入 Net profit 净收益 Net realizable value 可实现净值 Net sales 销售净额 Net worth 资本净值 nonoperating items 营业外项目 nonparticipating preferred stock 非参加优先股 nonprofit entity 非盈利实体 not-for-profit accounting 非盈利账户 notes payable 应付票据 notes receivable 应收票据 O Obsolescence 过时，陈旧 Off-balance-sheet financing 资产负债表外融资 Open account 未清账户 Operating activities 经营活动 Operating cycle 营业周期 Operating days 营业日 Operating expenses 营业费用 Operating income 营业收益 Operating lease 经营租赁 Operating margin 营业毛利 Operating performance 经营业绩 Operating revenues 营业收入 Opinion letter 审计报告 Ordinary stock dividend 普通股股利 Organizational forms 组织形式 Original cost 原始成本 Other gains and losses 其它收益和亏损 Other revenues and expenses 其它收益和亏损 Output market 输出市场 Outstanding shares 发行在外的股份 Overhead 管理费用 Owner\'s equity 所有者权益 P Paper profits 账面利润 Per value 面值 Parent company 母公司 Participating preferred stock 参与优先股 Partnership 合伙 Patent 专利 Payments in advance 预付款 Pension 养老金 Percentage-of-credit-sales approach 赊销百分比法 Periodic method 定期法 Perpetual method 永续法 Physical obsolescence 实物陈旧 Portfolio 投资组合 Postacquisition expenditures 收购后费用 Postretirement costs 退休后成本 Preemptive right 优先股权 Premium on bonds payable应付债券溢价 Prepaid expenses 准备成本 Present value 现值 Price/earnings ratio 价格/收益比 Prime interest rate 优惠利率 Principal 本金当事人 Prior period adjustment 前期调整数 Private company 私人公司 Proceeds 收入 Proction capacity 生产能力 Proction efficiency 生产效率 Profit 利润 Profit and loss statement 损益表 Profitability 获利能力 Profitability ratios 获利能力比率 Property 财产 Property, plan, and equipment 财产，车间和设备 Prospectus 招股说明书 Proxy statement 委托书 Public accounting firms 会计师事务所 Purchase method 购买法 Purchasing power 购买力 Q Qualified audit report 有保留意见的审计报告 Quick ratio 速动比率 R Rate of return 回报率 Realized gain or loss 已实现收益或损失 Recognized gain or loss 确认收益或损失 Redemption 赎回 Refinancing 再筹资 Related party transaction 关联交易 Replacement cost 重置成本 Restrictive covenant 约束性规定 Restructuring charges 重组成本 Retail company 零售公司 Retained earnings 留存收益 Retirement 退休，退股 Return on assets 资产报酬率 Return on equity 净资产收益率 Return on equity from financial leverage 融资杠杆净资产收益率 Return on investment 投资回报率 Return on sales 销售利润率 Revaluation adjustment 重估调整 Revenue 收入 Revenue recognition 收入确认 Risk 风险 Risk premium 风险报酬 Risk-free return 无风险回报 S Sales 销售 Sales growth 销售增长 Sales returns 销售退回 Salvage value 残值 Secured note 有担保票据 Securities and Exchange Commission 证券及期货事务监察委员会 Security 证券 Service company 服务公司 Service revenue 服务收益 SG & A 销售，一般和行政花费 short-term liability 短期负债 Short-term investment 短期投资 Sole proprietorship 独资经营 Solvency 偿债能力 Solvency ratios 偿债比率 Specific identification 个体辨认 Standard audit report 标准审计报告 Stated interest rate 票面利率 Statement of cash flows 现金流量表 Statement of retained earning 留存收益表 Statement of stockholder\'s equity 股东权益表 Stock 股票 Stock dividend 股利 Stock market 股票市场 Stock opinions 股票价格 Stock split 股份拆细 Stock split in the form of a dividend 股票股利的股票拆分 Stockholders 股东 Stockholders\' equity 股东权益 Straight-line method 直线法 Subsidiary 子公司 Sum-of-the-years\'-digits method 年数总和法 Supplies inventory 物料盘存 T T-account analysis T形账户分析法 Takeover 收购 Taking a bath 冲销 Tax accounting 税务会计 Tax dectible 税款抵扣 Taxable income 应税收入 Technical default 技术性违约 Technical obsolescence 技术陈旧 Term loan 定期贷款 Times interest earned 利息保障倍数 Trade-in 以旧换新 Trademark or trade name 商号 Trading securities 交易证券 Transportation-in 在途运输 Treasury notes 中期国库券 Treasury stock 库存股票 U Uncollectibles 坏账 Unearned revenue 未获收入 Uniformity 统一 Unqualified audit report 在编审计报告 Unrealized gain or loss 未实现收入或损失 Unsecured notes 无担保票据 Useful life 使用年限 Usual transactions 普通交易 V Valuation base 计价基础 W Warranty 认股权证 Window dressing 粉饰 Working capital 营运资金，周转资金
Ⅱ 什么是book rate of return阿
账面收益率
会计英文词汇
Ⅲ 财务英语翻译
专业翻译：
Responsible for the company's overall financial work, including dealing with day-to-day accounting, financial accounting. Income accounts and accounts receivable management; tax and invoice management. Familiar with the banks, instry and commerce, taxation work processes. Monthly tax returns to deal with banking issues. make funds deployment. invoicing. compiled from the billing, reconciliation between monthly statements. reminders to customers. quarter and in the preparation of annual financial statements. cost of the project's budget and accounting. skilled use of Kingdee K3ERP operating system. treatment day-to-day administrative and personnel work. examined the various documents and other changes to the handling. familiar with the workflow.
Ⅳ Collateral是什么意思呢
同学你好，很高兴为您解答！
您所说的这个词语，是属于期货从业词汇的一个，掌握好期货从业词汇可以让您在期货从业的学习中如鱼得水，这个词的翻译及意义如下：作为贷款或其他信贷抵押的物业或资产。抵押品在违约时可被没收
希望高顿网校的回答能帮助您解决问题，更多期货从业问题欢迎提交给高顿企业知道。
高顿祝您生活愉快！
Ⅳ 什么是抵押收益 collateral yield
是指在抵押物上产生的收益
Ⅵ 请教关于CDO
如果中英文皆可的话,我觉得英文的资料更权威和想尽:
Collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) are an unregulated type of asset-backed security and structured credit proct. CDOs are constructed from a portfolio of fixed-income assets. These assets are divided by the issuer into different tranches: senior tranches (rated AAA), mezzanine tranches (AA to BB), and equity tranches (unrated). Losses are applied in reverse order of seniority and so junior tranches offer higher coupons (interest rates) to compensate for the added default risk. Since 1987, CDOs have become an important funding vehicle for fixed-income assets.
Some news and media commentary blame the financial woes of the 2007-2008 credit crunch on the complexity of CDO procts, and the failure of risk and recovery models used by credit rating agencies to value these procts. Some institutions buying CDOs lacked the competency to monitor credit performance and/or estimate expected cash flows. On the other hand, some academics maintain that because the procts are not priced by an open market, the risk associated with the securities is not priced into its cost and is not indicative of the extent of the risk to potential purchasers.[1] As many CDO procts are held on a mark to market basis, the paralysis in the credit markets and the collapse of liquidity in these procts led to substantial write-downs in 2007. Major loss of confidence occurred in the validity of the process used by ratings agencies to assign credit ratings to CDO tranches and this loss of confidence persists into 2008.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Market history and growth
* 2 Concept
* 3 Structures
* 4 Taxation of CDOs
* 5 Types of CDOs
* 6 Types of Collateral
* 7 Transaction Participants
o 7.1 Investors
o 7.2 Underwriter
o 7.3 The Asset Manager
o 7.4 The Trustee and Collateral Administrator
o 7.5 Accountants
o 7.6 Attorneys
* 8 Subprime mortgage crisis
* 9 See also
* 10 References
* 11 External links
[edit] Market history and growth
The first CDO was issued in 1987 by bankers at now-defunct Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc. for Imperial Savings Association, a savings institution that later became insolvent and was taken over by the Resolution Trust Corporation on June 22, 1990.[2][3][4] A decade later, CDOs emerged as the fastest growing sector of the asset-backed synthetic securities market. This growth may reflect the increasing appeal of CDOs for a growing number of asset managers and investors, which now include insurance companies, mutual fund companies, unit trusts, investment trusts, commercial banks, investment banks, pension fund managers, private banking organizations, other CDOs and structured investment vehicles.
CDOs offered returns that were sometimes 2-3 percentage points higher than corporate bonds with the same credit rating.
It may also reflect the greater profit margins that CDOs provide to their manufacturers.
A major factor in the growth of CDOs was the 2001 introction by David X. Li of Gaussian copula models, which allowed for the rapid pricing of CDOs. [5][6]
According to the Securities Instry and Financial Markets Association, aggregate global CDO issuance totaled US$ 157 billion in 2004, US$ 272 billion in 2005, US$ 552 billion in 2006 and US$ 503 billion in 2007.[7] Research firm Celent estimated the size of the CDO global market to close to $2 trillion by the end of 2006.[8]
[edit] Concept
CDOs vary in structure and underlying assets, but the basic principle is the same. Essentially a CDO is a corporate entity constructed to hold assets as collateral and to sell packages of cash flows to investors. A CDO is constructed as follows:
* A special purpose entity (SPV) acquires a portfolio of credit. Common assets held include mortgage-backed securities, Commercial Real Estate (CRE) debt, and high-yield corporate loans.
* The SPV issues different classes of bonds and equity and the proceeds are used to purchase the portfolio of credits. The bonds and equity are entitled to the cash flows from the portfolio of credits, in accordance with the Priority of Payments set forth in the transaction documents. The senior notes are paid from the cash flows before the junior notes and equity notes. In this way, losses are first borne by the equity notes, next by the junior notes, and finally by the senior notes. In this way, the senior notes, junior notes, and equity notes offer distinctly different combinations of risk and return, while each reference the same portfolio of debt securities.
A CDO investor takes a position in an entity that has defined risk and reward, not directly in the underlying assets. Therefore, the investment is dependent on the quality of the metrics and assumptions used for defining the risk and reward of the tranches.
The issuer of the CDO, typically an investment bank, earns a commission at time of issue and earns management fees ring the life of the CDO. An investment in a CDO is therefore an investment in the cash flows of the assets, and the promises and mathematical models of this intermediary, rather than a direct investment in the underlying collateral. This differentiates a CDO from a mortgage or a mortgage-backed security (MBS).
The loss of an investor's principal is applied in reverse order of seniority (i.e., highest credit risk tranches to lowest). The senior tranche is protected by the subordinated security structure; thus, it is the most highly rated tranche. The equity tranche (also known as the first-loss tranche or "toxic waste") is most vulnerable, and has to offer higher coupons to compensate for the higher risk.
Creating CDOs from other CDOs creates enormous problems for accounting, allowing large financial institutions to move debt off their books by pooling their debt with other financial institutions and then bringing these debts back on to their books calling it a Synthetic CDO asset. [9] This not only has allowed financial institutions to hide their losses, but has allowed them to inflate their earnings.[10] This has the unfortunate effect of doubling potential losses book-wise[11].
[edit] Structures
CDO is a broad term that can refer to several different types of procts. They can be categorized in several ways. The primary classifications are as follow:
Source of funds -- cash flow vs. market value
* Cash flow CDOs pay interest and principal to tranche holders using the cash flows proced by the CDO's assets. Cash flow CDOs focus primarily on managing the credit quality of the underlying portfolio.
* Market value CDOs attempt to enhance investor returns through the more frequent trading and profitable sale of collateral assets. The CDO asset manager seeks to realize capital gains on the assets in the CDO's portfolio. There is greater focus on the changes in market value of the CDO's assets. Market value CDOs are longer-established, but less common than cash flow CDOs.
Motivation -- arbitrage vs. balance sheet
* Arbitrage transactions (cash flow and market value) attempt to capture for equity investors the spread between the relatively high yielding assets and the lower yielding liabilities represented by the rated bonds. The majority, 86%, of CDOs are arbitrage-motivated[12].
* Balance sheet transactions, by contrast, are primarily motivated by the issuing institutions’ desire to remove loans and other assets from their balance sheets, to rece their regulatory capital requirements and improve their return on risk capital. A bank may wish to offload the credit risk in order to rece its balance sheet's credit risk.
Funding -- cash vs. synthetic
* Cash CDOs involve a portfolio of cash assets, such as loans, corporate bonds, asset-backed securities or mortgage-backed securities. Ownership of the assets is transferred to the legal entity (known as a special purpose vehicle) issuing the CDO's tranches. The risk of loss on the assets is divided among tranches in reverse order of seniority. Cash CDO issuance exceeded $400 billion in 2006.
* Synthetic CDOs do not own cash assets like bonds or loans. Instead, synthetic CDOs gain credit exposure to a portfolio of fixed income assets without owning those assets through the use of credit default swaps, a derivatives instrument. (Under such a swap, the credit protection seller, the CDO, receives periodic cash payments, called premiums, in exchange for agreeing to assume the risk of loss on a specific asset in the event that asset experiences a default or other credit event.) Like a cash CDO, the risk of loss on the CDO's portfolio is divided into tranches. Losses will first affect the equity tranche, next the mezzanine tranches, and finally the senior tranche. Each tranche receives a periodic payment (the swap premium), with the junior tranches offering higher premiums.
A synthetic CDO tranche may be either funded or unfunded. Under the swap agreements, the CDO could have to pay up to a certain amount of money in the event of a credit event on the reference obligations in the CDO's reference portfolio. Some of this credit exposure is funded at the time of investment by the investors in funded tranches. Typically, the junior tranches that face the greatest risk of experiencing a loss have to fund at closing. Until a credit event occurs, the proceeds provided by the funded tranches are often invested in high-quality, liquid assets or placed in a GIC (Guaranteed Investment Contract) account that offers a return that is a few basis points below LIBOR. The return from these investments plus the premium from the swap counterparty provide the cash flow stream to pay interest to the funded tranches. When a credit event occurs and a payout to the swap counterparty is required, the required payment is made from the GIC or reserve account that holds the liquid investments. In contrast, senior tranches are usually unfunded since the risk of loss is much lower. Unlike a cash CDO, investors in a senior tranche receive periodic payments but do not place any capital in the CDO when entering into the investment. Instead, the investors retain continuing funding exposure and may have to make a payment to the CDO in the event the portfolio's losses reach the senior tranche. Funded synthetic issuance exceeded $80 billion in 2006. From an issuance perspective, synthetic CDOs take less time to create. Cash assets do not have to be purchased and managed, and the CDO's tranches can be precisely structured.
* Hybrid CDOs are an intermediate instrument between cash CDOs and synthetic CDOs. The portfolio of a hybrid CDO includes both cash assets as well as swaps that give the CDO credit exposure to additional assets. A portion of the proceeds from the funded tranches is invested in cash assets and the remainder is held in reserve to cover payments that may be required under the credit default swaps. The CDO receives payments from three sources: the return from the cash assets, the GIC or reserve account investments, and the CDS premiums.
Single-tranche CDOs
The flexibility of credit default swaps is used to construct Single Tranche CDOs (bespoke CDOs) where the entire CDO is structured specifically for a single or small group of investors, and the remaining tranches are never sold but held by the dealer based on valuations from internal models. Resial risk is delta-hedged by the dealer.
Variants
Unlike CDOs, which are terminating structures that typically wind-down or refinance at the end of their financing term, Structured Operating Companies are permanently capitalized variants of CDOs, with an active management team and infrastructure. They often issue term notes, commercial paper, and/or auction rate securities, depending upon the structural and portfolio characteristics of the company. Credit Derivative Procts Companies (CDPC) and Structured Investment Vehicles (SIV) are examples, with CDPC taking risk synthetically and SIV with predominantly 'cash' exposure.
Ⅶ 什么是cdo
担保债务凭证，简称CDO，资产证券化家族中重要的组成部分。它的标的资产通常是信贷资产或债券。这也就衍生出了它按资产分类的重要的两个分支：CLO(Collateralised Loan Obligation)和CBO(Collateralised Bond Obligation)。前者指的是信贷资产的证券化，后者指的是市场流通债券的再证券化。但是它们都统称为CDO。
担保债务凭证(Collateralized Debt Obligation, CDO)是一种固定收益证券，现金流量之可预测性较高，不仅提供投资人多元的投资管道以及增加投资收益，更强化了金融机构之资金运用效率，移转不确定风险。凡具有现金流量的资产，都可以作为证券化的标的。通常创始银行将拥有现金流量的资产汇集群组，然后作资产包装及分割，转给特殊目的载体（Special Purpose Vehicle），以私募或公开发行方式卖出固定收益证券或受益凭证。CDO背后的为一些债务工具，如高收益的债券、新兴市场公司债或国家债券、银行贷款或其它次顺位证券。传统的ABS其资产池可能为信用卡应收帐款、现金卡应收帐款、租赁租金、汽车贷款债权等，而CDO背后的支撑则是一些债务工具， 如高收益的债券( high - yield bonds)、新兴市场公司债或国家债券(Emerging Market Corporate Debt、Sovereign)，亦可包含传统的ABS（Assets Backed Securities）、住宅抵押贷款证券化(Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities, RMBS)及商用不动产抵押贷款证券化( Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities, CMBS)等资产证券化商品。
Ⅷ Collateral是什么意思
adj. 并行的；旁系的；附属的
n. 抵押品；[法] 担保品；旁系亲属
Ⅸ 帮忙翻译一篇商务类文章，进来看一下，万分感谢！！！
美国次级债危机正在被放大
The time class in the United States debt crisis is being enlarge
欧美股市进来连续大幅跳水，担忧的起源来自美国次级贷款市场。
The Europe and America stock market come in continuous significant jump into water, misgiving of the origins come from the United States time class loan market.
次级抵押贷款危机会否戳破全球资产泡沫？
Would the time class collateral loan crisis deny Chuo to break a world property a foam?
文/梅新育
The text/plum is new to teach
次级抵押贷款变成了高悬美国金融市场头顶的达摩克利斯之剑。
The time class collateral loan became Gao Xuan2 the Bodhidharma gram of financial market top of head in the United States the sword of the benefit Si.
鉴于次级抵押贷款规模庞大,美国公布的2005-2006年间美国累计发放次级抵押贷款统计数字是1.5万亿美元;
Owing to the time class collateral loan scale's being huge, the United States announce of 2005-2006 year, the United States total amount's issuing the time class collateral loan statistics be 1.5 USD;
且房地产业是本次美国经济景气期的最重要推动力量之一,近5年来美国新增GDP中有50%来自房地产业,居民消费增长的70%依赖于房地产增值的财富效应。
And the real estate instry be this time United States economy economic prosperity period of most importance push one of the strengths, about 5 in the last years the United States add to have 50% to come from a real estate instry in the GDP, residents consume growth of 70% dependence increase in value at the real estate of wealth effect.
房地产与金融业之间有着天然的紧密联系。
The of real estate and financial instry has natural close contact.
从1980年代末到1990年代初的美国储贷协会危机,到日本泡沫经济破灭期间的金融机构不良资产危机,再到被1997年金融危机引爆的东亚经济体房地产市场和金融部门不良资产危机,莫不如此。
From 1980's end to the beginning of 1990's of the United States banking association crisis, go to Japan the bubble economy fall through the financing institution in period bad property crisis, again go to is melted economy real estate market in the East Asia that the crisis set off by 1997 annuities and finance section bad property crisis, might it not be such.
人们曾经以为证券化技术的进步能够消除这种危机,但截至目前,这场危机最明显的表现仍然发生在金融机构之间,不少金融机构由于重仓投资与次级抵押贷款相关的衍生金融工具而蒙受重创:
People once thought the stock certificate turn the progress of technique can cancellation this kind of crisis, but up to currently, this crisis most obvious of performance still occurrence between the financing institution, not a few financing institution because of heavy camalig investment and time class the collateral loan relatedly develop finance tool but suffer serious wound:
6月,华尔街投资银行贝尔斯登旗下的两只基金,因大量投资于次级抵押贷款支持的复合证券而陷入困境。
June, the investment bank in Wall Street shell Er Si ascend two underneath fund, because of pump capital into collateral loan at the time class support of compound stock certificate but sink into a predicament.
7月下旬,与金融机构有关的坏消息接踵而来:次级抵押贷款放款公司American Home Mortgage Investment Corp.
July last ten days of month, have something to do with financing institution of bad news closely upon heels and since then:time class the collateral loan loan the company Mortgage Investment of the American Home Corp.
表示已无可供发放新贷款的新资金;
Mean to haven't can be provided to issue lately- lend money new funds;
贝尔斯登旗下又一对冲基金因次级抵押债务投资发生亏损,并宣布暂停赎回;
The shell Er Si ascend another underneath rightness blunt fund because of time class mortgage obligation investment occurrence loss in business, and declare pause to claim pawned article;
花旗集团估计次级抵押贷款债券价格下跌已使联邦国民抵押贷款协会和联邦住房贷款抵押公司所持此类证券价值缩水47亿美元……
Flower ensign group estimate the time class collateral loan bond price slump have already make federal citizen collateral loan association and federal housing loan mortgage company hold this kind stock certificate value shrinkage USD 4,700,000,000 ……
风声鹤唳之下,惊慌失措的市场参与者们正在抛售几乎一切金融类股票,投机者们借机兴风作浪,甚至并未卷入次级抵押贷款市场、或者卷入不多的金融机构也未能幸免:7月31日,并不直接投资于次级按揭抵押债务的澳大利亚最大投行麦格理银行向投资者发出警告称,美国次级抵押债务市场的忧虑使该机构的美国高收益企业债投资潜在损失最高可达25%;8月1日,德意志银行虽然公布的业绩出色,且表示次级抵押贷款危机并未殃及自身,但投资者的大举抛售导致其在法兰克福证交所上市的股票下跌2%以上;
Nervous atmosphere of war and turmoil under, the market be rattled the participants just mp almost the whole finance type stock, the speculators lend machine to stir up trouble, even not draw in time class collateral loan market, perhaps draw in not much of the financing institution can not also escape by luck: July 31 day, not direct investment at the time class according to Jie mortgage obligation of Australia is biggest hurl line wheat space reason bank to send out warning to call toward the investor, the United States time class mortgage obligation market of worried make that organization of the United States Gao income business enterprise debt investment latent loss tallest can reach to 25%;August a day, although the virtuous will bank announce of accomplishment is outstanding, and mean the time class collateral loan crisis not Yang and oneself, investor of distinctly mp cause its stock for appear on market in Frankfurt's stock exchange slump above 2%;
美林公司股价自今年初以来累计下跌22%左右;
The United States wood company stock price from the beginning of this year total amount slump 22% be or so;
花旗集团1月份以来累积跌幅达到16%;
Flower ensign group January accumulation the fall attain 16%;
雷曼兄弟股价累计下挫约22%。
The thunder Man brothers stock price total amount slip about 22%.
问题补充：
Problem complement:
其实,与美国经济规模、美国金融市场的广度和深度相比,有风险的次级抵押贷款不算特别多。
In fact, with the United States economy scale, the United States financial market of wide degree and depth compare and have the collateral loan of the time class of risk not calculate special much.
如上文,危机初起之时公布的2005-2006年间美国累计发放次级抵押贷款统计数字是1.5万亿美元,一般预计其中有大约15%(即2250亿美元)可能在直至2008年底这段时间内发生风险。
As above text, crisis beginning it hour announce of 2005-2006 year, the United States total amount's issuing the time class collateral loan statistics be 1.5 USD, general anticipate to have about 15%(namely USD 225,000,000,000) among them may in until the end of 2008 this time occurrence risk.
问题是过度反应可能导致危机蔓延,进而导致市场参与者们的担忧自我实现。
Problem is excessiveness the reaction may cause the crisis spread and then cause market the participants of misgiving ego realization.
过度反应一方面可能出现在实际的房地产市场,另一方面可能出现在金融市场。
Excessiveness reaction on the other hand possibility emergence at actual of real estate market, on the other hand possibility emergence in the financial market.
在第一个方面,丧失抵押品赎回权的次级抵押贷款借款人在2006年已达到40万人次,2007年可能翻番,收回抵押品的贷款机构如果为了尽快脱身而低价在空置相当严重的市场上低价脱手,将可能形成一条完整的"死亡螺旋":丧失抵押品赎回权的借款人增多
At 1, lose the time class collateral loan that the collateral for loan claim pawned article power to borrow funds a person at 2006 already arrive 40, 2007 may turn over a time, take back collateral for loan of loan organization if for getting away as soon as possible but low price at empty place equal severity of on the market low price sell, will possibility the formation be an integrity of"death spiral":lose collateral for loan to claim pawned article borrow funds of power a person to increase
----房地产市场空置现象加剧----贷款机构低价脱手----- 房价进一步下跌----借款人信用问题进一步加剧----更多的抵押品无法赎回,1990年代初,美国加州和东北部的房地产危机就是这样蔓延开来的,以至于最终成为席卷全国的经济危机。。
-Real estate market empty place phenomenon to turn worse-loan organization low price sell- the building price be further slump-borrow funds a person a reputation problem further turn worse-more collateral for loan can't claim pawned article, the beginning of 1990's, the United States California and the northeast of real estate crisis be so spread to open come of, with as for end become roll up whole country of economy crisis..